Study type:
Epidemiological study
(observational study)
Cellular-telephone use and brain tumors
epidem.
By:
Inskip PD, Tarone RE, Hatch EE, Wilcosky TC, Shapiro WR, Selker RG, Fine HA, Black PM, Loeffler JS, Linet MS
Published in: N Engl J Med 2001; 344 (2): 79-86
Aim of study (acc. to author)
Further details
More detailed information about the study methods are available in the publication 8978.
Regular use of a cellular telephone was defined as two or more calls per week. Persons who used a cellular telephone less than five times in their lives or never used one on a regular basis (at least 2 calls/week) were classified in the category "never or rarely use".
Endpoint/type of risk estimation
Type of risk estimation:
(relative risk (RR))
Exposure
Assessment
- interview: use of cellular telephones, car telephones and transportable cellular telephones with separate battery packs, calendar years of first and last use, duration of regular use (at least 2 calls/week), minutes/day, hand usually used to hold handset
Exposure groups
|
Group
|
Description
|
|
Reference group 1
|
use of hand-held cellular telephones: no use
|
|
Group 2
|
use of hand-held cellular telephones: 1 to 5 times in life
|
|
Group 3
|
use of hand-held cellular telephones: > 5 times in life
|
|
Group 4
|
use of hand-held cellular telephones: regular use
|
|
Reference group 5
|
average daily use: never or rarely used
|
|
Group 6
|
average daily use: < 3 min
|
|
Group 7
|
average daily use: 3 to < 15 min
|
|
Group 8
|
average daily use: ≥ 15 min
|
|
Group 9
|
average daily use: ≥ 60 min
|
|
Reference group 10
|
duration of regular use: never or rarely used
|
|
Group 11
|
duration of regular use: < 0.5 year
|
|
Group 12
|
duration of regular use: 0.5 to < 3.0 years
|
|
Group 13
|
duration of regular use: ≥ 3.0 years
|
|
Group 14
|
duration of regular use: ≥ 5.0 years
|
|
Reference group 15
|
cumulative use: never or rarely used
|
|
Group 16
|
cumulative use: < 13 hours
|
|
Group 17
|
cumulative use: 13 to 100 hours
|
|
Group 18
|
cumulative use: > 100 hours
|
|
Group 19
|
cumulative use: > 500 hours
|
|
Reference group 20
|
year use began: never or rarely used
|
|
Group 21
|
year use began: 1995 through 1998
|
|
Group 22
|
year use began: 1993 or 1994
|
|
Group 23
|
year use began: ≤ 1992
|
|
Group 24
|
year use began: < 1990
|
Population
-
Group:
-
Age:
≥ 18 years
-
Observation period:
June 1994 - August 1998
-
Study location:
USA (hospitals in Boston, Phoenix/Arizona and Pittsburgh)
Case group
Control group
-
Selection:
-
Matching:
- sex
- age
- ethnicity
- hospital, proximity of residence to hospital
Study size
|
Cases |
Controls |
| Participants |
782 |
799 |
Statistical analysis method:
- conditional logistic regression
(
adjustment:
- age
- sex
- residential area
- education
- ethnicity, hospital, house-hold income, date of interview, interview respondent
)
Results (acc. to author)
Limitations (acc. to author)
The observation time was too short to evaluate the risks among long-term, heavy users and for potentially long tumor latency periods.
Study funded by
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