To study the influence of cisplatin and an extremely low frequency magnetic field on antioxidant enzyme activity and the lipid peroxidation, as well as on DNA damage and reactive oxygen species production in AT478 carcinoma cells.
The cells were divided into the following eight groups: 1) control group, incubated for 24 h, 2) control group, incubated for 72 h, 3) magnetic field exposure, incubated for 24 h, 4) magnetic field exposure, incubated for 72 h, 5) cisplatin treatment, incubated for 24 h, 6) cisplatin treatment, incubated for 72 h, 7) magnetic field exposure + cisplatin treatment, incubated for 24 h and 8) magnetic field exposure + cisplatin treatment, incubated for 72 h.
Additionally, for the comet assay cells were treated in the following three groups: 1) treatment with H2O2, 2) magnetic field exposure + treatment with H2O2 and 3) magnetic field exposure + cisplatin treatment (incubation for 24 h) + treatment with H2O2 for 5 min. The comet assay was performed 0, 60 and 120 min after removal of the H2O2 solution.
| Exposure | Parameters |
|---|---|
|
Exposure 1:
50 Hz
Exposure duration:
continuous for 16 min
|
Cells were divided into the following eight groups: 1) control, collected after 24 h 2) control, collected after 72 h 3) exposure to EMF, collected after 24 h 4) exposure to EMF, collected after 72 h 5) treated with cisplatin, collected after 24 h 6) treated with cisplatin, collected after 72 h 7) exposure to EMF + treated with cisplatin, collected after 24 h 8) exposure to EMF + treated with cisplatin, collected after 72 h for comet assay cells were additionally treated in the following three groups: 1) treatment with H2O2 2) exposure to EMF + treatment with H2O2 3) exposure to EMF for 16 min + treatment with cisplatin for 24 h + treatment with H2O2 for 5 min
| Frequency | 50 Hz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Exposure duration | continuous for 16 min |
| Exposure source | |
|---|---|
| Setup | 40 cm long solenoid with a diameter of 20 cm consisting of 600 turns of 2 mm diamter copper wire wound in three forward-backward-forward continuous layers; solenoid placed in a water-jacketed, temperature and atmosphere controlled incubator; culture dishes inserted into a plexiglas cylinder and placed horizontally into the solenoid, so that the magnetic flux was parallel to the bottom |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 1 mT | effective value | measured | - | - |
Cells treated with cisplatin alone exhibited a significant increase in reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzyme activities. The magnetic field exposure + cisplatin treatment resulted in decreased reactive oxygen species levels and antioxidant enzyme activity. A significant reduction in malondialdehyde concentrations was observed in all of the study groups, with the greatest decrease associated with cisplatin treatment + magnetic field exposure.
Cisplatin induced the most severe DNA damage; however, when cells were also exposed to the magnetic field, less DNA damage occurred. Exposure to the magnetic field alone increased the DNA damage compared to the control cells.
The extremely low frequency magnetic field exposure decreased the effects of oxidative stress and DNA damage induced by cisplatin; however, the extremely low frequency magnetic field exposure alone was also a mild oxidative stressor and DNA damage inducer. The authors hypothesize that extremely low frequency magnetic field exposure exerts differential effects depending on the exogenous conditions.
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