Review of possible modulation-dependent biological effects of radiofrequency fields review

Endpoint

• genotoxicity/mutation: DNA strand breaks, micronuclei formation, sister chromatid exchange, chromosome aberration
• molecular biosynthesis: gene expression, protein expression
• cell viability/cell division/proliferation: cell death, apoptosis, cell growth, cell proliferation (enzyme activity of ornithine decarboxylase), cell cycle progression
• cancer: carcinogenicity
• effects on the neurological system: blood brain barrier permeability, brain metabolism, EEG, event-related potentials, cognitive performance
• oxidative stress, production of reactive oxygen species

Exposure

• • RF
• • CDMA
  • FDMA
  • TDMA
  • AM amplitude modulation
  • FM frequency modulation
  • PW pulsed wave
  • mobile communications
  • GSM
  • UMTS
  • iDEN
  • TETRA/TETRAPOL
  • D-AMPS

Related articles

• Hossmann KA et al. (2003): Effects of electromagnetic radiation of mobile phones on the central nervous system
• Juutilainen J et al. (1998): Biological effects of amplitude-modulated radiofrequency radiation