Biological effects from exposure to electromagnetic radiation emitted by cell tower base stations and other antenna arrays review

Endpoint

• genotoxicity/mutation: DNA and protein damages, gene expression
• cell function: calcium efflux, ion channels
• cancer: brain tumor, leukemia, malignant melanoma
• effects on the reproductive system: fertility
• effects on the immune system
• endocrine changes: testosterone level
• cognitive/behavioral endpoints: memory and cognitive function
• hypersensitivity/subjective complaints: headache, sleep disorder, fatigue, feeling of discomfort
• epidemiology: cross-sectional studies, exposure assessment
• dosimetry/technology: measurements, dosimeter
• guidelines/safety: government guidelines
• risk perception, psychological factors, provokation studies

Exposure

• • 2.45 GHz
• • TDMA
  • radar
  • Radio/TV transmitter
  • TV broadcast (VHF/UHF)
  • FM broadcast (UKW)
  • AM radio transmitters
  • SW broadcast (KW)
  • DAB
  • DVB-T
  • mobile communications
  • mobile phone
  • analog mobile phone
  • digital mobile phone
  • mobile phone base station
  • GSM
  • UMTS
  • PCS
  • TETRA/TETRAPOL
  • W-LAN/WiFi