To assess whether the effects on brain activity of pulse modulated GSM differ from those of a non-modulated signal of the same wavelength and if so to study c-Fos expression in seizure-related [induced by picrotoxin] anatomical circuits.
Male rats were assigned to six groups: 1) injection with picrotoxin [induced seizure-proneness]/no exposure; 2) injection with picrotoxin/exposure to 900 MHz pulse modulated GSM; 3) injection with picrotoxin/exposure to 900 MHz un-modulated signal; 4) no exposure/no picrotoxin; 5) GSM exposure only; and 6) un-modulated signal only.
Exposure | Parameters |
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Exposure 1:
900 MHz
Modulation type:
CW
Exposure duration:
continuous for 2 hr
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Exposure 2:
900 MHz
Exposure duration:
continuous for 2 hr
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rats were assigned to one of the following groups: i) injection of picrotoxin (PT) ii) injection of PT+ pulse-modulated EMF iii) injection of PT + unmodulated EMF iv) no injection of PT + no EMF exposure v) no injection of PT + pulse-modulated EMF vi) no injection of PT + unmodulated EMF
Frequency | 900 MHz |
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Type | |
Exposure duration | continuous for 2 hr |
Modulation type | CW |
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Frequency | 900 MHz |
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Type | |
Exposure duration | continuous for 2 hr |
Modulation type | cf. additional info |
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Additional info |
Exposure source |
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Picrotoxin-treated rats showed no significant EEG abnormalities and all brain areas showed c-Fos expression, with or without posterior exposure (group 1-3). GSM-exposed picrotoxin-pretreated rats (group 2) showed differences in EEG-signs, and in c-Fos expression in the brain, with respect to picrotoxin-treated rats exposed to an equivalent dose of un-modulated exposure (group 3). In group 2, GSM-exposure induced seizures and increased c-Fos-positive neuron counts and the most marked effects were observed in limbic structures, piriform cortex areas and subcortical areas.
Non-picrotoxin-treated animals exposed to un-modulated radiation (group 6) showed the highest levels of neuronal c-Fos expression in cortical areas compared to GSM-exposure (group 5) or no exposure (group 4).
For un-modulated signals (group 3 and 6) occasional discharges occured in EEG recording and seizure development was infrequent in picrotoxin-treated animals (group 3). There was no significant difference in c-Fos expression between non-picrotoxin-treated rats (group 6) and picrotoxin-treated rats (group 3) for un-modulated signals.
900 MHz GSM exposure increased the neuronal excitability in picrotoxin-treated rats, as manifested by behavioral indicators (seizures), EEG indicators, and neuronal c-Fos expression, with respect to rats exposed to unmodulated exposure.
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