A tuned resonantRF cavity of 3λ length was used (23.5 cm diameter, 100.5 cm long) made of perforated metal producing a standing wave and fitted with two tuned RF stubs each 16.5 cm (λ/2) from opposite ends and thus 2λ from each other: one for emitting the signal and one for monitoring the frequency and power of the signal being synchronized in phase and intensity to the emittedsignal.
Setup
The anesthetized bird was mounted in a non-conducting plastic holder and placed inside the cavity such that its head was at the center exactly 1λ from the emitting stub and the demodulating stub. Consequently, the signal the bird's head received was exactly the signal at both of those locations. The amplified RFsignal was switched between a matched load and the cable to the waveguide chamber by a single-pole, double-throw RF switch controlled by a digitalsignal from the computer program.
Additional info
To record from neurons in the brain of the bird, a glass micro-electrode of 1-2 µm tip diameter was inserted through a small hole (4 mm) in the skull, and a silver reference electrode was inserted beneath the skin along the back of the head. Arranging the electrodes along the long axis of the cavity prevented them from acting as a loop antenna and electrically stimulating the cells.
The stimulation resulted in changes in the amount of neural activity by more than half of the braincells. Most (76%) of the responding cells increased their rates of firing. The other cells exhibited a decrease in their rates of spontaneous activity.
Lopez-Martin E et al.
(2009):
The action of pulse-modulated GSM radiation increases regional changes in brain activity and c-Fos expression in cortical and subcortical areas in a rat model of picrotoxin-induced seizure proneness
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