The authors aimed to extend their investigation with cultured human diploid fibroblasts and lymphocytes exposed to GSM signals which they carried out as part of the REFLEX project (cf. publication 11910 and publication 9089) to the exposure of the same cell lines to UMTS exposure.
Human cultured fibroblasts of three different donors and three different short-term human lymphocyte cultures were exposed. Positive and negative controls were included in each set of experiments.
| Exposure | Parameters |
|---|---|
|
Exposure 1:
1,950 MHz
Exposure duration:
continuous for 24 h
|
|
|
Exposure 2:
1,950 MHz
Exposure duration:
continuous for 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 48 h
|
|
|
Exposure 3:
1,950 MHz
Exposure duration:
intermittent for 16 h: 5 min on/10 or 20 min off and 10 min on/10 or 20 min off
|
|
Positive and negative controls were included in each set of experiments. Negative controls were cultured in the incubator for as long as the corresponding exposure, slides of positive controls immersed in ice-cold phosphate-buffered saline were irradiated for 3 min using UV light (254 nm, 800 µW/cm²).
| Frequency | 1,950 MHz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Charakteristic |
|
| Exposure duration | continuous for 24 h |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|---|
| Chamber | Two waveguides were placed inside a commercial incubator at 37 °C, 5% CO2, and 95% humidity. A computer randomly determined which of the two waveguides was used for exposure (blind design). |
| Setup | Six 35-mm Petri dishes were exposed simultaneously in the waveguide and placed in the H-field maxima by means of a dish holder. |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Additional info | Exposure was controlled by field sensors, air temperature sensors, and by an optimized airflow system [Schuderer and Kuster, 2003 and Schonborn et al., 2001]. |
| Frequency | 1,950 MHz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Charakteristic |
|
| Exposure duration | continuous for 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 48 h |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|---|
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAR | 0.1 W/kg | - | - | - | - |
| Frequency | 1,950 MHz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Charakteristic |
|
| Exposure duration | intermittent for 16 h: 5 min on/10 or 20 min off and 10 min on/10 or 20 min off |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|---|
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAR | 0.1 W/kg | - | - | - | - |
UMTS exposure increased the "comet tail factor" and induced centromere-negative micronuclei in the fibroblasts in a dose and time-dependent way. No UMTS effect was found with lymphocytes, either unstimulated or stimulated with PHA.
UMTS exposure may cause genetic alterations in some but not in all human cells in vitro.
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