The aim of the study was to independently confirm the results of the REFLEX project (details for REFLEX project see Final Report), i.e. to study genotoxic effects of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields.
Exposure conditions were used (1800 MHz, SAR 2 W/kg, continuous wave, intermittent exposure, 5 min field on/10 min field off) that led to the strongest effects in the previous investigations (publication 11910). The same cells and the same equipment as in the previous study were also used.
For a positive control, a parallel cell culture was exposed to 2 Gy gamma rays (at 4 Gy/min).
Exposure | Parameters |
---|---|
Exposure 1:
1,800 MHz
Modulation type:
CW
Exposure duration:
intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 1, 4, 18, and 24 h
|
|
Exposure 2:
1,800 MHz
Modulation type:
CW
Exposure duration:
intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 4 and 22 h
|
|
Exposure 3:
1,800 MHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
Exposure duration:
continuous for 24 h
|
Frequency | 1,800 MHz |
---|---|
Type | |
Charakteristic |
|
Exposure duration | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 1, 4, 18, and 24 h |
Modulation type | CW |
---|
Exposure source |
|
---|---|
Chamber | The exposure system has previously been described in detail [Diem et al., 2005]. Two waveguide-based exposure chambers for RF and sham exposure were placed inside a commercial incubator maintained at 37 °C, 5% CO2, and 95% humidity. A computer randomly determined which of the two waveguides was excited. |
Setup | Cells were seeded into 35-mm Petri dishes 24 h prior to RF-EMF exposure. |
Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
Additional info | The air temperature difference between the chambers measured at the air-outlet did not exceed 0.1 °C. As a positive control, a parallel culture was exposed to 2 Gy 137Cs gamma-rays at 4 Gy/min. |
Frequency | 1,800 MHz |
---|---|
Type | |
Charakteristic |
|
Exposure duration | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 4 and 22 h |
Modulation type | CW |
---|
Exposure source |
|
---|---|
Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
Additional info | As a positive control, a parallel culture was exposed to 2 Gy 137Cs gamma-rays at 4 Gy/min. |
Frequency | 1,800 MHz |
---|---|
Type | |
Charakteristic |
|
Exposure duration | continuous for 24 h |
Modulation type | pulsed |
---|---|
Additional info |
Exposure source |
|
---|---|
Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
Additional info | In some experiments, also continuous exposure with GSM basic modulation was performed at 1 or 2 W/kg for 24 h (data not shown) [Diem et al., 2005]. |
For both tests (comet assay and micronucleus assay) and both cell lines clearly negative results were obtained in independently repeated experiments. The authors were not able to confirm some of the genotoxic effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields reported by the REFLEX project. The reasons for the difference between the data reported by the REFLEX project and this present experiments remain unclear.
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