The effects of an acute or chronic exposure of mice to different 60 Hz magnetic fields on monoamine levels in the brain should be investigated.
Monoamines are neurotransmitters and neuromodulators and therefore important for the function of the brain.
The following groups were used: 1) exposure of C57BL mice to the magnetic field with 1 mT for 7 days (n=3), 2) exposure of ICR mice for 12 weeks (n=4), 3) exposure of 1-month-old SAMP8 mice for 6 h (n=4), 4) exposure of 3-month-old SAMP8 mice for 6 h (n=4), 5) exposure of 6-month-old SAMP8 mice for 6 h (n=4), 6) exposure of 9-month-old SAMP8 mice for 6 h (n=4) and 7) exposure of 12-month-old SAMP8 mice for 6 h (n=4). For each group, a separate control group with the same number of animals was used. Moreover, restrained ICR mice were exposed to a magnetic field at their heads with 8) 0.1 mT, 9) 0.33 mT or 10) 1 mT (n=6-15 each). A not-restrained and a restrained control group with the same number of animals were used for groups 8-10.
| Exposure | Parameters |
|---|---|
|
Exposure 1:
60 Hz
Exposure duration:
continuous for 7 days
C57BL mice
|
|
|
Exposure 2:
60 Hz
Exposure duration:
continuous for 12 weeks
ICR mice
|
|
|
Exposure 3:
60 Hz
Exposure duration:
continuous for 6 h
SAMP8 mice
|
|
|
Exposure 4:
60 Hz
Exposure duration:
continuous for 1 h
ICR mice
|
|
mice were killed by exposing the head to microwave irradiation at 3 kW for 0.2 s
| Frequency | 60 Hz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Exposure duration | continuous for 7 days |
| Additional info | C57BL mice |
| Exposure source | |
|---|---|
| Chamber | polypropylene cylinder cage (diameter=12 cm, h=12 cm) |
| Setup | three mice per cage were used; Helmholtz coil with a diameter of 12 cm field created MF with a vertical orientation |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 1 mT | - | measured | - | at the center of the cage |
| Frequency | 60 Hz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Waveform | |
| Exposure duration | continuous for 12 weeks |
| Additional info | ICR mice |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|---|
| Chamber | polypropylene mouse cage (11 cm x 25 cm, h=12 cm) |
| Setup | four mice were used per cage; mice were exposed in horizontal direction |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 1 mT | - | measured | - | at the center of the cage |
| Frequency | 60 Hz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Exposure duration | continuous for 6 h |
| Additional info | SAMP8 mice |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|---|
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 1 mT | - | measured | - | at the center of the cage |
| Frequency | 60 Hz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Waveform | |
| Exposure duration | continuous for 1 h |
| Additional info | ICR mice |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|---|
| Chamber | column (body part: 26 mm diameter, head part: 16 mm diameter); the unrestrained control group was kept in a standard mouse cage |
| Setup | animals confined within the column to restrict movement; mice were exposed in horizontal direction |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 0.1 mT | - | measured | - | at the head |
| magnetic flux density | 0.33 mT | - | measured | - | at the head |
| magnetic flux density | 1 mT | - | measured | - | at the head |
No significant changes could be observed in groups 1-7 compared to their respective control groups.
The levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were significantly increased in several brain regions in groups 8-10 compared to the not-restrained control group without showing a distinct trend. However, the restrained control group showed increased values in comparison to the not-restrained control group as well (remark EMF-Portal: result contradictory: abstract and discussion vs. result table).
The authors conclude that exposure of mice to a 60 Hz magnetic field might increase the stress caused by restraining and thus influence monoamine levels in the brain.
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