Two hypothesis were tested: The first is that radiofrequency radiation by itself can induce chromosome aberrations in mammalian cells (at power densities and exposure conditions which are higher than is consistent with accepted safety guidelines). The second is that, during a simultaneous exposure to a chemical known to be genotoxic (mitomycin C, adriamycin), radiofrequency radiation can affect molecules, biochemical processes, or decrease in chromosome aberrations.
| Exposure | Parameters |
|---|---|
|
Exposure 1:
2.45 GHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
Exposure duration:
continuous for 2 h
|
|
cells were exposed i) only to EMF ii) to EMF + MMC (Mitomycin) iii) to EMF + ADR (Adryamicin)
| Frequency | 2.45 GHz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Charakteristic | |
| Exposure duration | continuous for 2 h |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Pulse width | 10 µs |
| Duty cycle | 25 % |
| Repetition frequency | 25 kHz |
| Exposure source | |
|---|---|
| Distance between exposed object and exposure source | 1.6 m |
| Setup | 25 cm² tissue culture flasks were placed on the underside of the circular Styrofoam wheel, which was placed into a 45.9 cm x 45.9 cm x 11.8 cm plexiglas water bath inside a 40 ft x 20 ft x 10 ft anechoic chamber |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| power density | 49 mW/cm² | - | - | - | - |
| SAR | 33.8 W/kg | average over time | calculated | - | - |
No alteration in the frequency of chromosome aberration from 37°C control levels was observed in the cells exposed to radiofrequency radiation alone (a maximum temperature of approximately 40°C was achieved in the tissue culture medium). Relative to the chemical treatment with mitomycin alone at 37°C no alteration was observed in the extent of chromosome aberrations induced by either simultaneous radiofrequency radiation or convection heating to equivalent temperatures. At the adriamycin concentration that was used, most of the indices of chromosome aberrations indicated a similar result. In one comparison, however (for chromosome aberrations per cell after simultaneous radiofrequency radiation and adriamycin treatment), a small but statistically significant increase was observed for the induced chromosome aberration events per 100 cells compared to chemical exposure alone at 37°C. Since the small but statistically significant increase was observed in the convection heating-temperature control, it would appear that the effect could be temperature-dependent (and not a phenomen specific for radiofrequency exposure).
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