A well-studied insect was used to investigate the effects of strong magnetic fields in close proximity to the high voltage power lines on flying insects. Locusts were divided into the following groups: exposure to a magnetic field with a magnetic flux density of 1) 1 mT, 2) 4 mT or 3) 7 mT. For each exposure group and test, a separate sham exposure group was used. Different groups with different numbers of locusts were used in the individual tests:
circular glass chamber (15 cm diameter x 7.5 cm height)
Setup
a coil of 20 cm diameter and composed of 282 turns of insulated copper wire produced a homogeneous, vertical field; glass chamber with 6 locusts was placed inside the coil; temperature during exposure was monitored (at 1 mT, no change was observed (room temperature, 21°C), at 4 mT it was 24.5°C ± 1°C and at 7 mT it was 29.3°C ± 1°C)
during sham exposure, a hot plate under the coil was used to ensure the same temperature in the glass chamber as during exposure (not necessary for 1 mT)
cognitive/behavioral endpoints: motor activity (movement from one end of a tunnel to the other end with other locusts, food and light as attracting stimuli; number of animals reaching the other end of the tunnel and moved distance/time; video recording)
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Electromagnetic field of extremely low frequency has an impact on selected chemical components of the honeybee
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Changes in the Honeybee Antioxidant System after 12 h of Exposure to Electromagnetic Field Frequency of 50 Hz and Variable Intensity
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Increased aggression and reduced aversive learning in honey bees exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields
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Long-term exposure of cockroach Blaptica dubia (Insecta: Blaberidae) nymphs to magnetic fields of different characteristics: effects on antioxidant biomarkers and nymphal gut mass
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Electromagnetic field exposure (50 Hz) impairs response to noxious heat in American cockroach
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Different responses of Drosophila subobscura isofemale lines to extremely low frequency magnetic field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT): fitness components and locomotor activity
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Alterations of Immune Parameters on Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae Exposed to Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields
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Coupling Mechanism of Electromagnetic Field and Thermal Stress on Drosophila melanogaster
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Effects of two different waveforms of ELF MFs on bioelectrical activity of antennal lobe neurons of Morimus funereus (Insecta, Coleoptera)
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Effects of the static and ELF magnetic fields on the neuronal population activity in Morimus funereus (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) antennal lobe revealed by wavelet analysis
Fedele G et al.
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Genetic analysis of circadian responses to low frequency electromagnetic fields in Drosophila melanogaster
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Extremely low frequency magnetic field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) modifies fitness components and locomotor activity of Drosophila subobscura
Cammaerts MC et al.
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Ants can be used as bio-indicators to reveal biological effects of electromagnetic waves from some wireless apparatus
Dimitrijević D et al.
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Temporal pattern of Drosophila subobscura locomotor activity after exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT)
Li SS et al.
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Gene expression and reproductive abilities of male Drosophila melanogaster subjected to ELF-EMF exposure
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Effect of 60 minutes exposure to electromagnetic field on fecundity, learning and memory, speed of movement and whole body protein of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster
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Reproducibility and Desensitization of the Power Frequency Magnetic Field Effect on Movement of the Common Cutworm Spodoptera Litura
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Behavioral differences of the insect Morimus funereus (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) exposed to an extremely low frequency magnetic field
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