Medical/biological study (experimental study)

Protective Effect of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) on Liver and Kidney of Rats After Exposure to 900 MHz Electromagnetic Field med./bio.

By: El Nabarawy NA, El Desouky MA

Published in: The Journal of American Science 2011; 7 (12): 937-944

Aim of study (acc. to author)

The effects of exposure of rats to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field on oxidative stress in the liver and kidney and the protective effect of CAPE should be investigated.

Background/further details

Rats were divided into 3 groups (n=16 each): 1) exposure to the electromagnetic field, 2) exposure to the electromagnetic field and CAPE administration, 3) sham exposed control group.
Animals in group 2 received daily intraperitoneal injections of 10 µM/ml/kg (?) caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) for 30 days before the daily exposure. The control group received sham injections of isotonic saline solution.

Endpoint

oxidative stress in liver and kidney of rats

Exposure

- 900 MHz
- mobile communications
- mobile phone
- co-exposure

Exposure	Parameters
Exposure 1: 900 MHz Exposure duration: 1 hour/day for 60 days	power density: 0.02 mW/cm² SAR: 1.075 W/kg mean

Exposure 1

Main characteristics

Frequency	900 MHz
Type	electromagnetic field
Exposure duration	1 hour/day for 60 days

Exposure setup

Exposure source	monopole
Setup	the exposure system was composed of a container designed in such a way that the animals were not restrained; the animals were left for a period to adapt and direct themselves spontaneously towards the antenna as the air opening was concentrated in the cover of the container around the antenna; the antenna (or two antennas set in parallel? contradictory statements) was placed at the center of the container
Sham exposure	A sham exposure was conducted.

Parameters

Measurand	Value	Type	Method	Mass	Remarks
power density	0.02 mW/cm²	-	measured	-	-
SAR	1.075 W/kg	mean	calculated	-	-

Exposed system:

animal
rat/Wistar albino
whole body

Methods Endpoint/measurement parameters/methodology

morphol./histopathol. changes: histopathology of liver and kidney (hematoxylin-eosin stain, microscopy)
oxidative stress: lipid peroxidation (reaction of malondialdehyde with thiobarbituric acid) and amount of nitric oxide (Griess reaction); enzyme activities of antioxidative enzymes: superoxide dismutase (inhibition of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system as a superoxide generator), catalase (hydrogen peroxide decomposition rate), glutathione peroxidase; total protein content (Lowry's method) (spectrophotometry)

Investigated system:

isolated bio./chem. substance
tissue slices
liver and kidney, homogenates

Time of investigation:

after exposure

Main outcome of study (acc. to author)

In the kidney, lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide were significantly increased and the enzyme activities of all antioxidative enzymes were significantly decreased in exposed rats (group 1) compared to the control group. Treatment with CAPE in addition to exposure (group 2) significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide and significantly increased the antioxidative enzyme activities compared to group 1. Histopathology revealed inflammatory reactions in the kidneys of group 1 and normal histology in groups 2 and 3.
In the liver, lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide were significantly increased and the enzyme activity of the glutathione peroxidase was significantly reduced in group 1 compared to the control group. Co-treatment with CAPE (group 2) significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide and significantly increased the glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity compared to group 1. However, Calatase and superoxide dismutase enzyme activities did not show any significant changes. Histopathology revealed signs of mild hepatitis in group 1 and normal histology in groups 2 and 3.
The authors conclude that exposure of rats to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field might induce oxidative stress in the liver and kidney and that CAPE might protect against these effects.

Study character:

medical/biological study
experimental study
full/main study

Study funded by

not stated/no funding

Ragy MM (2015): Effect of exposure and withdrawal of 900-MHz-electromagnetic waves on brain, kidney and liver oxidative stress and some biochemical parameters in male rats
Bedir R et al. (2015): The effect of exposure of rats during prenatal period to radiation spreading from mobile phones on renal development
Furtado-Filho OV et al. (2014): Effect of 950 MHz UHF Electromagnetic radiation on biomarkers of oxidative damage, metabolism of UFA and antioxidants in the liver of young rats of different ages
Koca O et al. (2013): Effects of Intensive Cell Phone (Philips Genic 900) Use on the Rat Kidney Tissue
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Koyu A et al. (2005): Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Modulates 1800 MHz Microwave-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Liver