Medical/biological study (experimental study)

Mobile phone-induced myocardial oxidative stress: protection by a novel antioxidant agent caffeic acid phenethyl ester med./bio.

By: Özgüner F, Altinbas A, Ozaydin M, Dogan A, Vural H, Kisioglu AN, Cesur G, Yildirim NG

Published in: Toxicol Ind Health 2005; 21 (9): 223-230

Aim of study (acc. to author)

To study 900 MHz mobile phone-induced oxidative stress that promotes production of reactive oxygen species and the role of CAPE on myocardial tissue against possible oxidative damage in rats.

Background/further details

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is one of the major components of honeybee propolis. It has been used in folk medicine for many years in Middle East countries. It was found to be a potent free radical scavenger and antioxidant.
CAPE (10 µM/ml per kg per day) were administered daily for 10 days to the animals prior to their daily electromagnetic field exposure.

Endpoint

oxidative stress-induced heart impairment

Exposure

- mobile communications
- GSM

Exposure	Parameters
Exposure 1: 900 MHz Modulation type: pulsed Exposure duration: repeated daily exposure, 30 min/day for 10 days	power: 2 W peak value power density: 1.04 mW/cm² SAR: 4 W/kg (locally in the head) SAR: 0.016 W/kg

Exposure 1

Main characteristics

Frequency	900 MHz
Type	electromagnetic field
Exposure duration	repeated daily exposure, 30 min/day for 10 days

Modulation

Modulation type	pulsed
Repetition frequency	217 Hz

Exposure setup

Exposure source	dipole antenna RF generator
Chamber	A special exposure device with six exposure antennas for insulated exposure was used.
Setup	Rats were individually placed in a ventilated plastic tube cage (12 cm long x 5 cm in diameter) with their heads positioned in close contact above a half-wave dipole antenna.
Sham exposure	A sham exposure was conducted.
Additional info	Animals were randomly grouped as follows: sham-operated control rats, 900 MHz EMF exposed rats and 900 MHz EMF exposed + CAPE-treated rats, injected daily i.p. with CAPE before exposure. Control rats received an equal volume of isotonic saline solution. All rats were anaesthetized with pentobarbital Na before exposure.

Parameters

Measurand	Value	Type	Method	Mass	Remarks
power	2 W	peak value	-	-	-
power density	1.04 mW/cm²	-	measured	-	-
SAR	4 W/kg	-	measured	-	locally in the head
SAR	0.016 W/kg	-	measured	whole body	-

Measurement and calculation details

The power density and SAR measurements were performed at the EMC laboratory of the university.

Exposed system:

Methods Endpoint/measurement parameters/methodology

molecular biosynthesis: content of malondialdehyde (index of lipid peroxidation) and nitric oxide (an oxidant product) (spectrophotometry)
effects on the cardiovascular system: oxidative stress-induced heart impairment (content of different markers, see "molecular biosynthesis"); antioxidant status (activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase)

Investigated system:

heart tissue homogenates; cell supernatants

Investigated organ system:

cardiovascular system

Time of investigation:

after exposure

Main outcome of study (acc. to author)

In the electromagnetic field exposed group, while tissue malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels increased, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were reduced. CAPE treatment reversed these effects.
The data demonstrate the role of oxidative mechanisms in 900 MHz mobile phone-induced heart tissue damage, and CAPE, via its free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties, ameliorates oxidative heart injury. These findings show that CAPE exhibits a protective effect on mobile phone-induced and free radical mediated oxidative heart impairment in rats.

Study character:

medical/biological study
experimental study
full/main study

Study funded by

not stated/no funding

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