To determine the effects of a 2.45 GHz exposure on the antioxidant system, calcium ion signal transmission, cell count and cell viability in human leukemia cells.
The cell cultures were equally divided into two groups (control and exposure group) and then subdivided into four different subgroups depending on the duration of exposure (1, 2, 12 and 24 hours). The study protocol was repeated six times for every time of exposure.
Exposure | Parameters |
---|---|
Exposure 1:
2.45 GHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
Exposure duration:
continuous for 1, 2, 12 or 24 h
|
|
Frequency | 2.45 GHz |
---|---|
Type | |
Exposure duration | continuous for 1, 2, 12 or 24 h |
Modulation type | pulsed |
---|---|
Repetition frequency | 217 Hz |
Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
power | 2 W | maximum | - | - | - |
SAR | 0.1 W/kg | spatial average | calculated | - | on top of the flasks' surface at E = 10 V/m d: an der Flaschenoberfläche bei |
SAR | 1.3 W/kg | spatial average | calculated | - | on the flasks' surface at an antenna distance of 17 and 18 cm (samples 3, 4 and 6) |
SAR | 1.5 W/kg | spatial average | calculated | - | on the flasks' surface at an antenna distance of 15 cm (sample 5) |
SAR | 1.9 W/kg | spatial average | calculated | - | on the flasks' surface at an antenna distance of 12 cm (sample 1) |
SAR | 2.5 W/kg | spatial average | calculated | - | on the flasks' surface at an antenna distance of 9 cm (sample 2) |
The values of the lipid peroxidation were significantly higher in the exposed samples in comparison to the control samples at the same experimental times (at 1, 2, 12 and 24 h, respectively). The values of glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione and vitamin C did not show any statistically significant changes among the groups.
The cytosolic calcium concentration increased over the time in all groups, with the highest values after 24 hours. However, in the exposed samples, the concentrations of calcium ions were significantly higher than those in the control samples after the same experimental period. An addition of the TRPM2 channel blocker 2-APB to the exposed samples yielded in a decreased calcium concentration in comparison to the control and to the exposed samples without 2-APB at every experimental time.
The cell numbers were significantly higher in the exposed groups than in the control groups.
The authors conclude that a 2,45 GHz exposure could increase the cell proliferation in human leukemia cells, probably induced through cytosolic calcium release and oxidative stress.
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