This study was conducted to study the effects of microwave irradiation on differentiation and signal transduction in a rat cell line.
The investigated PC12 cells stop dividing and undergo terminal differentiation when treated with nerve growth factor, making this cell line a useful model system for neuronal differentiation. The cells were additionally treated with heat shock (45 °C), the specific inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (SB 203580, 2 µM), and an inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated MAP kinase (U 0126, 10 µM). Three independent experiments were performed.
| Exposure | Parameters |
|---|---|
|
Exposure 1:
2.45 GHz
Exposure duration:
continuous for 30 or 60 min
experiments on neuritogenesis
|
|
|
Exposure 2:
2.45 GHz
Exposure duration:
continuous for 10, 20, 30, or 60 min
cell survival studies
|
| Frequency | 2.45 GHz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Exposure duration | continuous for 30 or 60 min |
| Additional info | experiments on neuritogenesis |
| Frequency | 2.45 GHz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Exposure duration | continuous for 10, 20, 30, or 60 min |
| Additional info | cell survival studies |
The frequency of neurite outgrowth was approximately 10-fold greater in 2.45 GHz exposed cells than in only nerve growth factor treated cells. Incubation of the cells with the specific inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase resulted in marked inhibition of the microwave irradiation-induced neurite outgrowth. Also, activation of the transcription factor CREB induced by microwave irradiation was inhibited by the specific inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.
These data indicate that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is responsible for the survival of the investigated cells and might induce neurite outgrowth via a CREB signaling pathway when subjected to microwave irradiation.
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