Medical/biological study (experimental study)

Effects of a 60 Hz magnetic field on photosynthetic CO(2) uptake and early growth of radish seedlings med./bio.

By: Yano A, Ohashi Y, Hirasaki T, Fujiwara K

Published in: Bioelectromagnetics 2004; 25 (8): 572-581

Aim of study (acc. to author)

To investigate the photosynthetic CO₂ uptake rate and early growth parameters of radish seedlings exposed to an extremely low frequency magnetic field.

Endpoint

photosynthetic CO₂ uptake rate and early growth parameters of seedlings

Exposure

- 50/60 Hz
- magnetic field

Exposure	Parameters
Exposure 1: 60 Hz Exposure duration: continuous for 6 days	magnetic flux density: 50 µT effective value magnetic flux density: 48 µT (static magnetic field in x direction)
Exposure 2: 60 Hz Exposure duration: continuous for 15 days	magnetic flux density: 48 µT (static magnetic field in x direction) magnetic flux density: 50 µT effective value
Exposure 3: 60 Hz Exposure duration: intermittent, 1 h on/1 h off	magnetic flux density: 48 µT (static magnetic field in x direction) magnetic flux density: 50 µT effective value

Exposure 1

Main characteristics

Frequency	60 Hz
Type	magnetic field
Waveform	sinusoidal
Exposure duration	continuous for 6 days
Additional info	a combination of 60 Hz magnetic field and static magnetic field was applied

Exposure setup

Exposure source	coils aligned to the geomagnetic north south axis
Setup	culture vessel of seedling was positioned at the center of coil system
Sham exposure	A sham exposure was conducted.

Parameters

Measurand	Value	Type	Method	Mass	Remarks
magnetic flux density	50 µT	effective value	measured	-	-
magnetic flux density	48 µT	-	measured	-	static magnetic field in x direction

Exposure 2

Main characteristics

Frequency	60 Hz
Type	magnetic field
Waveform	sinusoidal
Exposure duration	continuous for 15 days
Additional info	A combination of 60 Hz magnetic field and static magnetic field was applied

Exposure setup

Exposure source	same setup as exposure 1

Parameters

Measurand	Value	Type	Method	Mass	Remarks
magnetic flux density	48 µT	-	measured	-	static magnetic field in x direction
magnetic flux density	50 µT	effective value	measured	-	-

Exposure 3

Main characteristics

Frequency	60 Hz
Type	magnetic field
Exposure duration	intermittent, 1 h on/1 h off
Additional info	A combination of 60 Hz magnetic field and static magnetic field was applied

Exposure setup

Exposure source	same setup as exposure 1 electromagnetically shielded room

Parameters

Measurand	Value	Type	Method	Mass	Remarks
magnetic flux density	48 µT	-	measured	-	static magnetic field in x direction
magnetic flux density	50 µT	effective value	measured	-	-

Reference articles

Smith SD et al. (1993): Effects of CR-tuned 60 Hz magnetic fields on sprouting and early growth of Raphanus sativus

Exposed system:

plant
radish (Raphanus sativus)
whole body

Methods Endpoint/measurement parameters/methodology

photosynthetic CO₂ uptake rate; dry weight; fresh weight; leaf area; shoot length; root length

Investigated system:

plant material (shoot, root)
investigation on living organism

Time of investigation:

during exposure
after exposure

Main outcome of study (acc. to author)

Experiment 1 and 2 (continuous exposure for 6 and 15 days): The CO₂ uptake rate of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposed seedlings on day 5 and later was lower than that of the control plants. The dry weight and the cotyledon area of exposed seedlings on day 6 and the fresh weight, the dry weight and the leaf area of exposed plants on day 15 were significantly lower than those of the control seedlings, respectively.
Experiment 3 (short term exposure): There was no difference in the CO₂ uptake rate of plants exposed to the extremely low frequency electromagnetic field or the ambient magnetic field.
These data indicate that continuous exposure to 60 Hz sinusoidal magnetic field with a parallel static magnetic field affects the early growth of radish seedlings, but the effect is not so severe that modification of photosynthetic CO₂ uptake can be observed during short term magnetic field exposure.

Study character:

medical/biological study
experimental study
full/main study

Study funded by

not stated/no funding

Isaac Aleman E et al. (2014): Effects of 60 Hz sinusoidal magnetic field on in vitro establishment, multiplication, and acclimatization phases of Coffea arabica seedlings
Novitskii YI et al. (2014): Lipid utilization in radish seedlings as affected by weak horizontal extremely low frequency magnetic field
Isaac Aleman E et al. (2014): Effects of EMFs on Some Biological Parameters in Coffee Plants (Coffea arabica L.) Obtained by in vitro Propagation
Costanzo E (2011): Influence of extremely low-frequency electric fields on the growth of Vigna radiata seedlings
Huang HH et al. (2008): The effects of inverter magnetic fields on early seed germination of mung beans
Costanzo E (2008): The influence of an electric field on the growth of soy seedlings
Sahebjamei H et al. (2007): Effects of magnetic field on the antioxidant enzyme activities of suspension-cultured tobacco cells
Apasheva LM et al. (2006): Effect of alternating electromagnetic field on early stages of plant development
Rajendra P et al. (2005): Effects of Power Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Growth of Germinating Vicia faba L., the Broad Bean
Esitken A (2003): Effect of magnetic fields on yield and growth in strawberry 'Camarosa'
Ruzic R et al. (1998): Effects of weak low-frequency magnetic fields on spruce seed germination under acid conditions
Smith SD et al. (1984): Effects of pulsed magnetic fields on root development in plants cuttings: Preliminary observations
Maronek DM (1975): Electromagnetic seed treatment increases germination of Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm

Effects of a 60 Hz magnetic field on photosynthetic CO(2) uptake and early growth of radish seedlings med./bio.

Aim of study (acc. to author)

Endpoint

Exposure

Exposure 1

Main characteristics

Exposure setup

Parameters

Exposure 2

Main characteristics

Exposure setup

Parameters

Exposure 3

Main characteristics

Exposure setup

Parameters

Reference articles

Methods Endpoint/measurement parameters/methodology

Main outcome of study (acc. to author)

Study funded by

Related articles