To test the genotoxic effects of extremely low frequency magnetic fields, the induction of micronuclei by exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields and/or X-rays was investigated in cultured CHO cells.
The micronuclei formation was further investigated whether it was kinetochore-positive or negative in order to distinguish between chromosome breakage and errors in chromosome distribution.
The experiment were repeated three times.
Exposure | Parameters |
---|---|
Exposure 1:
60 Hz
Exposure duration:
continuous for 24 h
|
|
Exposure 2:
60 Hz
Exposure duration:
continuous for 18 h
|
|
Exposure 3:
60 Hz
Exposure duration:
continuous for 24 h + 18 h
|
|
Magnetic field exposure took place either before or after 1 Gy X-ray irradiation at the dose rate of 1.02 Gy/min or without any pre or post X-ray irradiation.
Frequency | 60 Hz |
---|---|
Type | |
Waveform | |
Exposure duration | continuous for 24 h |
Exposure source |
|
---|---|
Chamber | 600 silicon steel strips, each 0.5 mm thick making a core. Two copper coils (10 x 20 mm²) penetrate into the silicon steel core. The incubator (inner space 190 x 220 x 28 mm³) was inserted into the inner space of the core. Magnetic field was homogeneous within 1% difference for the area housing four 10 cm or ten 6 cm culture dishes. |
Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
magnetic flux density | 5 mT | unspecified | unspecified | - | - |
Frequency | 60 Hz |
---|---|
Type | |
Exposure duration | continuous for 18 h |
Exposure source |
|
---|---|
Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
magnetic flux density | 5 mT | unspecified | unspecified | - | - |
Frequency | 60 Hz |
---|---|
Type | |
Exposure duration | continuous for 24 h + 18 h |
Exposure source |
|
---|---|
Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
magnetic flux density | 5 mT | unspecified | unspecified | - | - |
No statistically significant difference in the frequency of micronuclei in CHO cells was observed between a sham exposure and extremely low frequency magnetic field exposure.
The exposure to an extremely low frequency magnetic field before or after X-ray radiation did not affect the frequency of X-ray-induced micronuclei. However the number of kinetochore-positive micronuclei was significantly increased in the cells subjected to X-ray radiation followed by extremely low frequency magnetic field exposure.
The number of spontaneous kinetochore-positive micronuclei was not affected by exposure to an extremely low frequency magnetic field alone.
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