Cell biology. A cell organelle consisting of system of membrane-bound cavities in the cytoplasm of a cell. Two forms are distinguished: rough endoplasmic reticulum, which bears ribosomes on the outer surface of its membrane, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which contains no ribosomes. Functions are protein biosynthesis and glycosylation, storage and release of calcium, production of steroids, detoxification, and glycogen breakdown.
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