Study overviews

Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.

Experimental studies on magnetic power frequency fields (50/60 Hz)

2053 studies in total
  1. 765 studies
  2. 637 studies
  3. 517 studies
  4. 414 studies
  5. 330 studies
  6. 208 studies

DNA, proteins, and oxidative stress

637 studies in total
  1. 257 studies
  2. 212 studies
  3. 184 studies
  4. 47 studies

Gene/protein expression (in general) 257 studies in total

Authors Year Exposed system Parameters Magnetic flux density/field strength
Bernal-Mondragón C et al. 2016 animal, rat/Wistar, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Mahaki H et al. 2019 animal, rat/Wistar, whole body 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 1–2,000 µT
Guo Y et al. 2023 animal, zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz -
Kropinski AM et al. 1994 bacterium, <i>Escherichia coli</i>/JM83 magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 3 mT
Nakasono S et al. 2000 bacterium, <i>Escherichia coli</i>/K12 magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 7.8–14 mT
Huwiler SG et al. 2012 bacterium, <i>Escherichia coli</i>/K12 MG1655 magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line 1 mT
Wang X et al. 2008 bacterium, <i>Magnetospirillum magneticum</i>/AMB-1 magnetic field, geomagnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0–1 mT
Kwiatkowski P et al. 2022 bacterium, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> FRI913 magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz -
Wu J et al. 2021 bacterium, composting material including bacteria magnetic field, 50/60 Hz -
Kirschenlohr H et al. 2012 human, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 62 µT
Mansoury F et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 0.25–2 mT
Aalami Zavareh F et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency 0.2–2 mT
Liu J et al. 2024 intact cell/cell culture, <i>Aspergillus niger</i> magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz -
Binninger DM et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>/D7 magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 20 µT
Weisbrot DR et al. 1993 intact cell/cell culture, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>/S288C; his-, leu- magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.8–80 µT
Dehghani-Soltani S et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, A172 (human glioblastoma cells) and T98 cell line magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, signals/pulses, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF 7 mT
Harrison GH et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, A172 (human glioblastoma cells), MCF7 WT(human breast cancer cell line) and HeLa S3 (human cervical carcinoma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2 mT
Amirinejad M et al. 2024 intact cell/cell culture, A172 and T98G (human glioblastoma cells) cell lines magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure -
Panjali Z et al. 2022 intact cell/cell culture, A549 (human lung cancer cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure -
Kim YM et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, B16F10 (murine melanoma cells) magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz -
Nakanishi R et al. 2023 intact cell/cell culture, C2C12 cells (undifferentiated mouse myoblasts), animal, C57BL/6 mouse magnetic field, 50/60 Hz -
Phillips JL et al. 1992 intact cell/cell culture, CEM-CM3 (human acute lymphoblastic leukemia) cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.1 mT
Jahreis GP et al. 1998 intact cell/cell culture, CEM-CM3 (human acute lymphoblastic leukemia) cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.1 mT
Miyakoshi J et al. 1996 intact cell/cell culture, CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 5 mT
Miyakoshi J et al. 1998 intact cell/cell culture, CHO-K1 (Chinese hamster ovary K1) cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 5–400 mT
Czyz J et al. 2004 intact cell/cell culture, D3 (murine embryonic stem cell line, p53-deficient and wild type) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line 100 µT–2.3 mT
Kristupaitis D et al. 1998 intact cell/cell culture, DT40 (chicken lymphoma B-cells) (wild-type, LYN-deficient, SYK-deficient, PLC-gamma2-deficient clones) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 0.1 mT
Dibirdik I et al. 1998 intact cell/cell culture, DT40 (chicken lymphoma B-cells) (wild-type, LYN-deficient, SYK-deficient, PLC-gamma2-deficient clones) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Morehouse CA et al. 2000 intact cell/cell culture, Daudi (Burkitt's lymphoma cell line) cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 12.5–500 µT
Wu RY et al. 2000 intact cell/cell culture, Daudi (Burkitt's lymphoma cell line) cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 800 µT
Bouwens M et al. 2012 intact cell/cell culture, Detroit 562 cells (human pharyngeal cells), THP-1 cells (human monocytic leukemia cell line) and human monocytes magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 5 µT
Volpe P et al. 2005 intact cell/cell culture, FL cells (Friend erythroleukemia cells) magnetic field, geomagnetic field, 50/60 Hz, shielding/field deprivation 0.0025 nT–70 µT
Liu Y et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1–3 mT
Liu Y et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1–3 mT
Liu Y et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1–3 mT
Ventura C et al. 2005 intact cell/cell culture, GTR1 cells (derivative of R1 embryonic stem cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.8 mT
Gold S et al. 1994 intact cell/cell culture, HAL cells (SV40 origin defective mutant transformed human fibroblast cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 8 µT
Loberg LI et al. 1999 intact cell/cell culture, HBL-100 (human breast cancer cell line) and HME (human non-transformed mammary epithelial cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Colciago A et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, HEI-193 cells (human vestibular schwannoma cell line derived from a NF2 patient) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 0.1 T
Cios A et al. 2024 intact cell/cell culture, HEK293 (kidney cells), 786-O, 769-P and Caki1 (clear cell renal carcinoma cell lines) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz -
Cridland NA et al. 1999 intact cell/cell culture, HF-19 cells (normal human fibroblasts derived from fetal female lung) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2 µT–20 mT
Karabakhtsian R et al. 1994 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 8 µT
Goodman R et al. 1992 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 0.57–570 µT
Goodman R et al. 1992 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 80 µT
Goodman R et al. 1989 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 0.38–3.5 mT
Owen RD 1998 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 370 nT–6.3 µT
Lin H et al. 1996 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.8–80 µT
Lin H et al. 1998 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 8 µT
Zhou J et al. 2002 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.1–0.8 mT
Saffer JD et al. 1995 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) and Daudi (Burkitt's lymphoma cell line) cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 57 µT–1 mT