Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

878 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    309 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    53 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

319 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    162 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    144 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 162 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Prasad N et al. 1982 animal, embryos of <i>Rana pipiens</i> (Northern leopard frog), whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - 30 MHz - - MRI
Kay HH et al. 1988 animal, embryos of <i>Xenopus laevis</i> (African clawed frog), whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - 64 MHz - - MRI
Roda-Murillo O et al. 2005 animal, fertilized eggs of <i>Gallus domesticus</i> (chicken; Leghorn HR7 variety) teratogenicity (body weight and cranial/cephalic development) 50 Hz - continuous for 15 or 21 days 50/60 Hz
Roda O et al. 2011 animal, fertilized eggs of <i>Gallus domesticus</i> (chicken; Leghorn HR7 variety) embryonal development 50 Hz - 1 s on - 0.5 s off - for 45 h, 15 days or 21 days magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz
Costa EV et al. 2015 animal, fertilized eggs of Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>) development of the vascular system in the yolk sac membrane 60 Hz - continuous for 2 h, 3 times a day with intervals of 6 hours in between for 2 days magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Terol FF et al. 1995 animal, fertilized eggs of Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>), whole body - 50–100 Hz - continuous for 48 hrs magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Lola Costa EV et al. 2020 animal, fertilized eggs of Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>), whole body development of the embryonic body and vascular network of the yolk sac 60 Hz - 3 x 2 hours, with 6-hour intervals in between resulting in a total exposure of 6 h 50/60 Hz, magnetic field
Winnicki A et al. 2004 animal, fish/pike (<i>Esox lucius</i>) (eggs) embryonic motorics 50 Hz - continuous for 30 min magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Komazaki S et al. 2007 animal, japanese fire belly newt/<i>Cynops pyrrhogaster</i> (embryo), whole body embryo development 50 Hz - 5 days magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Nakagawa H et al. 2018 animal, mexican axolotl (<i>Ambystoma mexicanum</i>) - 10 Hz - - magnetic field, static magnetic field