Study type: Medical/biological study (experimental study)

Non-linear adaptive phenomena which decrease the risk of infection after pre-exposure to radiofrequency radiation med./bio.

Published in: Dose Response 2014; 12 (2): 233-245

Aim of study (acc. to author)

The effects of pre-exposure of mice to a radio frequency electromagnetic field on the survival rate after a bacterial infection should be investigated.
Remark EMF-Portal: This article presents the same data as a previous article (Mortazavi et al. 2012).

Background/further details

110 mice were divided into the following groups: 1) 2 h/day exposure to electromagnetic field and injection of Escherichia coli bacteria (n=10), 2) 2 h/day exposure and sham injection (saline solution) (n=5), 3) sham exposure and bacteria injection (n=5), 4) 4 h/day exposure and bacteria injection (n=10), 5) exposure and sham injection (n=5), 6) sham exposure and bacteria injection (n=5), 7) 8 h/day exposure and bacteria injection (n=10), 8) 8 h/day exposure and sham injection (n=5), 9) sham exposure and bacteria injection (n=5), 10) 12 h/day exposure and bacteria injection (n=10), 11) 12 h/day exposure and sham injection (n=5), 12) sham exposure and bacteria injection (n=5), 13) replication of group 10 (n=15), 14) replication of group 12 (n=15).

Endpoint

Exposure

Exposure Parameters
Exposure 1:
Exposure duration: continuous for 2 hours/day for 3 days
  • SAR: 1.4 W/kg
Exposure 2:
Exposure duration: continuous for 4 hours/day for 3 days
  • SAR: 1.4 W/kg
Exposure 3:
Exposure duration: continuous for 8 hours/day for 3 days
  • SAR: 1.4 W/kg
Exposure 4:
Exposure duration: continuous for 12 hours/day for 3 days
  • SAR: 1.4 W/kg

General information

background radiation was 0.1 µSv/h

Exposure 1

Main characteristics
Frequency
Type
Exposure duration continuous for 2 hours/day for 3 days
Exposure setup
Exposure source
Distance between exposed object and exposure source 5 cm
Setup cell phone was used in talk mode during exposure; mice were immobilized by placing their bodies in plastic restrainers; restrainers were placed around the antenna in a circular position
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
Parameters
Measurand Value Type Method Mass Remarks
SAR 1.4 W/kg - - - -

Exposure 2

Main characteristics
Frequency
Type
Exposure duration continuous for 4 hours/day for 3 days
Exposure setup
Exposure source
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
Parameters
Measurand Value Type Method Mass Remarks
SAR 1.4 W/kg - - - -

Exposure 3

Main characteristics
Frequency
Type
Exposure duration continuous for 8 hours/day for 3 days
Exposure setup
Exposure source
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
Parameters
Measurand Value Type Method Mass Remarks
SAR 1.4 W/kg - - - -

Exposure 4

Main characteristics
Frequency
Type
Exposure duration continuous for 12 hours/day for 3 days
Exposure setup
Exposure source
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
Parameters
Measurand Value Type Method Mass Remarks
SAR 1.4 W/kg - - - -

Exposed system:

Methods Endpoint/measurement parameters/methodology

Investigated system:
Time of investigation:
  • after exposure

Main outcome of study (acc. to author)

The results of the groups with sham injection of bacteria (2, 5, 8 and 11) were not presented or discussed.
Group 4 (4 h/day) showed no significantly different result in comparison to its corresponding sham exposure group (6) according to the authors, even though the associated p value of 0.046 would actually represent a significantly lower survival rate. (Remark EMF-Portal: However, as this value was relatively high, the authors spoke of a "borderline" p value, which they did not take into account.)
Group 13 (12 h/day) showed a significantly higher survival rate compared to its corresponding sham exposure group (14), as did the pooled results of groups 13 and 10 in comparison to the pooled results of groups 14 and 12.
The authors conclude that pre-exposure of mice to a radio frequency electromagnetic field might increase the survival rate after a bacterial infection. This could be the result of an adaptive response and activation of the immune system, what might be of potential therapeutic use.

Study character:

Study funded by

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