The effects of pre-exposure of mice to a radio frequency electromagnetic field on the survival rate after a bacterial infection should be investigated.
110 mice were divided into the following groups: 1) 2 h/day exposure to electromagnetic field and injection of Escherichia coli bacteria (n=10), 2) 2 h/day exposure and sham injection (saline solution) (n=5), 3) sham exposure and bacteria injection (n=5), 4) 4 h/day exposure and bacteria injection (n=10), 5) exposure and sham injection (n=5), 6) sham exposure and bacteria injection (n=5), 7) 8h/day exposure and bacteria injection (n=10), 8) 8 h/day exposure and sham injection (n=5), 9) sham exposure and bacteria injection (n=5), 10) 12 h/day exposure and bacteria injection (n=10), 11) 12 h/day exposure and sham injection (n=5), 12) sham exposure and bacteria injection (n=5), 13) replication of group 10 (n=15), 14) replication of group 12 (n=15).
| Exposure | Parameters |
|---|---|
|
Exposure 1:
Exposure duration:
continuous for 2 hours/day for 3 days
|
|
|
Exposure 2:
Exposure duration:
continuous for 4 hours/day for 3 days
|
|
|
Exposure 3:
Exposure duration:
continuous for 8 hours/day for 3 days
|
|
|
Exposure 4:
Exposure duration:
continuous for 12 hours/day for 3 days
|
|
background radiation was 0.1 µSv/h
| Frequency | |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Exposure duration | continuous for 2 hours/day for 3 days |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|---|
| Distance between exposed object and exposure source | 5 cm |
| Setup | cell phone was used in talk mode during exposure; mice were immobilized by placing their bodies in plastic restrainers; restrainers were placed around the antenna in a circular position |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAR | 1.4 W/kg | - | - | - | - |
| Frequency | |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Exposure duration | continuous for 4 hours/day for 3 days |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|---|
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAR | 1.4 W/kg | - | - | - | - |
| Frequency | |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Exposure duration | continuous for 8 hours/day for 3 days |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|---|
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAR | 1.4 W/kg | - | - | - | - |
| Frequency | |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Exposure duration | continuous for 12 hours/day for 3 days |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|---|
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAR | 1.4 W/kg | - | - | - | - |
The results of the groups with sham injection of bacteria (2, 5, 8 and 11) were not presented or discussed.
Group 4 (4 h/day) showed a significantly lower survival rate in comparison to its corresponding sham exposure group (6) according to table 2 in the article (see full-text). (Remark EMF-Portal: However, this result is not mentioned or discussed any further by the authors.)
Group 13 (12 hours of exposure/day) showed a significantly higher survival rate compared to its corresponding sham exposure group (14), as did the pooled results of groups 13 and 10 in comparison to the pooled results of groups 14 and 12.
The authors conclude that pre-exposure of mice to a radio frequency electromagnetic field might increase the survival rate after a bacterial infection. This could be the result of an adaptive response and activation of the immune system, what might be of potential therapeutic use.
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