Medical/biological study (experimental study)

Influence of 1.8-GHz (GSM) radiofrequency radiation (RFR) on DNA damage and repair induced by X-rays in human leukocytes in vitro med./bio.

By: Zhijian C, Xiaoxue L, Yezhen L, Deqiang L, Shijie C, Lifen J, Jianlin L, Jiliang H

Published in: Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2009; 677 (1-2): 100-104

Aim of study (acc. to author)

To study whether 1.8 GHz radiofrequency irradiation can influence DNA repair in human leukocytes exposed to X-rays.

Background/further details

Leukocytes from four young healthy donors were intermittently exposed to radiofrequency for 24 h, and then irradiated with X-rays at doses of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 Gy. DNA damage was detected at 0, 15, 45, 90, 150 and 240 min after exposure to X-rays.

Endpoint

genotoxicity/mutation: DNA damage and DNA repair

Exposure

- RF
- mobile communications
- GSM
- co-exposure

Exposure	Parameters
Exposure 1: 1.8 GHz Modulation type: pulsed Exposure duration: 5 min on - 10 min off, for 24 hr	SAR: 2 W/kg average over time

General information

all cells were exposed to X-rays after RF exposure or sham exposure

Exposure 1

Main characteristics

Frequency	1.8 GHz
Type	electromagnetic field
Exposure duration	5 min on - 10 min off, for 24 hr

Modulation

Modulation type	pulsed
Duty cycle	12.5 %
Repetition frequency	217 Hz
Pulse type	rectangular

Exposure setup

Exposure source	waveguide
Setup	waveguide inside an incubator; cells kept inside the waveguide at a constant temperature; cells placed in the H-field maximum of the standing wave
Sham exposure	A sham exposure was conducted.

Parameters

Measurand	Value	Type	Method	Mass	Remarks
SAR	2 W/kg	average over time	-	-	-

Reference articles

Zeng Q et al. (2006): Effects of global system for mobile communications 1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on gene and protein expression in MCF-7 cells
Leszczynski D et al. (2004): Applicability of discovery science approach to determine biological effects of mobile phone radiation

Exposed system:

intact cell/cell culture

Methods Endpoint/measurement parameters/methodology

genotoxicity/mutation: DNA damage and DNA repair (comet assay and DNA repair percentage)
cell viability/cell division/proliferation: cell viability (trypan blue exclusion assay)

Investigated system:

DNA/RNA

Time of investigation:

after exposure

Main outcome of study (acc. to author)

The data showed that the DNA repair speeds of human leukocytes after X-ray exposure exhibited individual differences among the four donors. Additionally, the intermittent exposures of 1.8 GHz radiofrequency for 24 h did not directly induce a DNA damage or exhibit synergistic effects with X-rays on human leukocytes.

Study character:

medical/biological study
experimental study
full/main study
Short Communication

Study funded by

International Cooperative Foundation of Science-Technique Bureau of Zhejiang Province, China
National Natural Science Foundation (NSFC), China
Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China

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