Effects of electromagnetic fields on the immune system review

Endpoint

• genotoxicity/mutation: DNA damage and chromosomal alterations
• molecular biosynthesis: induction of cytological markers, gene expression, protein expression
• cell viability/cell division/proliferation: cell proliferation, apoptosis
• cancer: carcinogenicity in animals, leukaemia, breast cancer, cancer of CNS
• effects on the immune system: general aspects of effects of EMF on the immune system (cellular and humoral immunity, gender difference) and possible mechanisms
• epidemiology: c.f. "cancer"
• dosimetry/technology: general characteristics of electromagnetic fields
• general aspects on in vitro studies, mechanistic studies, one- and two year bioassays; signal transduction

Exposure

• • 50/60 Hz
  • electric field
  • magnetic field
  • low frequency
• • power transmission line