To study the effects of continuous whole body exposure to electromagnetic fields emitted from two different sources (static and time varying electromagnetic fields) for 30 days on changes in physiological parameters mainly in the liver and the blood of male mice.
The mice were divided into three groups of eight animals: one control (sham exposure) and two exposure group (static and time varying exposure).
| Exposure | Parameters |
|---|---|
|
Exposure 1:
Exposure duration:
continuous for 30 days
|
|
|
Exposure 2:
50 Hz
Exposure duration:
continuous for 30 days
|
|
for further information on the LF-exposure setup see: Kowalczuk, C.I., Sienkiewicz, Z.J., Saunders, R.D. "Biological Effects of Exposure to Non-ionizing Electromagnetic fields and Radiation. I. static Electric and Magnetic Fields (NRPB-R238) Natl. Radiat. Protec. Board, Chilton, UK, 1991
| Frequency | |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Exposure duration | continuous for 30 days |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 2.9 µT | maximum | measured | - | - 2.9 - +2.9 µT |
| Frequency | 50 Hz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Exposure duration | continuous for 30 days |
| Exposure source | |
|---|---|
| Setup | two Helmholtz coils each with a diameter of 40 cm and 200 turns on a wooden support frame, 20 cm apart; cage between the coils |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 1.4 mT | effective value | measured and calculated | - | +/- 0.1 mT |
The data showed a gradual body weight loss when animals were exposed to either field. This was coupled with a significant decrease in the levels of glucose, total protein and the enzyme activity of alkaline phosphatase in serum. A significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activity was demonstrated in serum and liver, as well as a significant elevation of gamma-glutamyltransferase enzyme activity in the liver. The glutathione S-transferase enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation level in the liver were significantly increased while a significant decrease in hepatic glutathione content was recorded.
A significant decrease in the number of monocytes, platelets, peripheral lymphocytes as well as splenic total, T cells and B lymphocytes levels was found for both exposure groups. The granulocytes percentage was significantly increased.
The findings indicate that there is a association between the exposure to static magnetic field or extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields and the oxidative stress through distressing redox balance leading to physiological disturbances.
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