Study overviews

Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.

Experimental studies on magnetic power frequency fields (50/60 Hz)

2053 studies in total
  1. 765 studies
  2. 637 studies
  3. 517 studies
  4. 414 studies
  5. 330 studies
  6. 208 studies

DNA, proteins, and oxidative stress

637 studies in total
  1. 257 studies
  2. 212 studies
  3. 184 studies
  4. 47 studies

Gene/protein expression (in general) 257 studies in total

Authors Year Exposed system Parameters Magnetic flux density/field strength
Ozlem-Caliskan S et al. 2016 - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, signals/pulses -
Isaković J et al. 2024 intact cell/cell culture, neural stem cells derived from B6 albino mouse embryos magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, signals/pulses -
Moraveji M et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, signals/pulses, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure -
Dehghani-Soltani S et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, A172 (human glioblastoma cells) and T98 cell line magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, signals/pulses, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF 7 mT
Wang X et al. 2008 bacterium, <i>Magnetospirillum magneticum</i>/AMB-1 magnetic field, geomagnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0–1 mT
Lagroye I et al. 1998 intact cell/cell culture, primary (RTE cells) and spontaneously immortalized (RTSV cell line) and immortalized gamma radiation-treated (TCIV cell line) rat tracheal epithelial cells magnetic field, geomagnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF 55–104 µT
Volpe P et al. 2005 intact cell/cell culture, FL cells (Friend erythroleukemia cells) magnetic field, geomagnetic field, 50/60 Hz, shielding/field deprivation 0.0025 nT–70 µT
Goodman R et al. 1992 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 0.57–570 µT
Luceri C et al. 2005 intact cell/cell culture, yeast (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>/strain DBY747) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 0.1–100 µT
Girgert R et al. 2008 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 (breast cancer cell line, p40 and p181 clone) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1.2 µT
Delle Monache S et al. 2008 intact cell/cell culture, human vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Girgert R et al. 2009 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 (breast cancer cell line, p40 and p181 clone) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1.2 µT
Reyes-Guerrero G et al. 2010 animal, rat/Wistar, whole body magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Zhou J et al. 2011 intact cell/cell culture, osteoblasts magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 0.9–4.8 mT
Bouwens M et al. 2012 intact cell/cell culture, Detroit 562 cells (human pharyngeal cells), THP-1 cells (human monocytic leukemia cell line) and human monocytes magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 5 µT
Fedrowitz M et al. 2012 animal, rat/Fischer 344 and Lewis, whole body magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Zhong C et al. 2012 intact cell/cell culture, mesenchymal bone marrow stem cells of mice (rat?, remark EMF-Portal: contradictory information) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 0.5 mT
Savage Jr RE et al. 2005 intact cell/cell culture, SF767 (human glioma cell line) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1.2 µT
Delle Monache S et al. 2013 intact cell/cell culture, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and mouse pancreatic endothelial cell line (MS-1) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1–2 mT
Aikins AR et al. 2017 - magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz -
Mansoury F et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 0.25–2 mT
Ozturk H et al. 2022 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz -
Kwiatkowski P et al. 2022 bacterium, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> FRI913 magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz -
Tekutskaya E et al. 2023 DNA/RNA magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz -
Ebrahimi M et al. 2019 mouse/BALB/c magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz -
Nakasono S et al. 2000 bacterium, <i>Escherichia coli</i>/K12 magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 7.8–14 mT
Grassi C et al. 2004 intact cell/cell culture, human neuroblastoma cell line (IMR 32) and rat pituitary (GH3) cell line magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 200–500 µT
Patruno A et al. 2012 intact cell/cell culture, THP-1 cells (human monocytic leukemia cell line) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1 mT
Patruno A et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, electrotherapy 1 mT
Baek S et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, mouse fibroblasts, transfected with lentivirus with OKSM gene constructs from HEK293 cells magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, shielding/field deprivation 1 mT
Goodman R et al. 1991 intact cell/cell culture, isolated organ, salivary gland, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia) cell line and partially dissected salivary glands from fruit flies (<i>Drosophila</i>) and fungus gnats (<i>Sciara</i>) magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 0.57 µT–19 mT
Goodman R et al. 1989 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 0.38–3.5 mT
Kim YM et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, B16F10 (murine melanoma cells) magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz -
Cadossi R 1990 intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood lymphocytes (from normal donors, donors with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and elderly donors), animal, C3H mice, whole body magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure -
Schmidt-Rohlfing B et al. 2008 intact cell/cell culture, chondrocytes (from human articular cartilage of osteoarthritic knee joints) magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, electrotherapy 2 mT
Battini R et al. 1991 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 8 mT
Tunik S et al. 2013 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 1.5 mT
Urnukhsaikhan E et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 10 mT
Jiang Y et al. 2016 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 4 mT
Ardeshirylajimi A et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, human induced pluripotent stem cells magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 1.5 mT
Xie YF et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, rat calvarial osteoblasts magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 0.6 mT
Urnukhsaikhan E et al. 2017 animal, mouse/C57B6, whole body magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 10 mT
Keyan Z et al. 2023 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz -
Li Y et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, dorsal root ganglion neurons (rat/Sprague-Dawley) magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 0.1–100 mT
Moraveji M et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, human dermal papilla mesenchymal cells magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1 mT
Gomez-Ochoa I et al. 2011 intact cell/cell culture, mononuclear cells (from human peripheral blood) magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, electrotherapy 2.25 mT
Benfante R et al. 2008 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line 1–2 mT
Goodman R et al. 1988 isolated organ, salivary glands from <i>Sciara coprophila</i> (Insecta, Diptera) magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, therapeutic/medical device 0.38–3.5 mT
Caliogna L et al. 2022 intact cell/cell culture, human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and primary human osteoblasts magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, therapeutic/medical device -
Lim HM et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, human dental pulp stem cells magnetic field, signals/pulses, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 10 mT