Study overviews

Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.

Experimental studies on magnetic power frequency fields (50/60 Hz)

2053 studies in total
  1. 765 studies
  2. 637 studies
  3. 517 studies
  4. 414 studies
  5. 330 studies
  6. 208 studies

DNA, proteins, and oxidative stress

637 studies in total
  1. 257 studies
  2. 212 studies
  3. 184 studies
  4. 47 studies

Gene/protein expression (in general) 257 studies in total

Authors Year Exposed system Parameters Magnetic flux density/field strength
Duan Y et al. 2014 animal, mouse/ICR, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 8 mT
Ebrahimi M et al. 2019 mouse/BALB/c magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz -
Erdal ME et al. 2018 animal, rat/Wistar albino magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational 1 mT
Errico Provenzano A et al. 2018 - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure -
Falone S et al. 2008 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.1 mT
Fedrowitz M et al. 2012 animal, rat/Fischer 344 and Lewis, whole body magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Feng B et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, human amniotic epithelial cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 4 mT
Franczak A et al. 2023 tissue slices, myometrium tissue of pigs magnetic field, 50/60 Hz -
Gao Q et al. 2021 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (focal ischemia model), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Gholamian-Hamadan M et al. 2023 animal, rat/Wistar 50/60 Hz, magnetic field -
Girgert R et al. 2008 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 (breast cancer cell line, p40 and p181 clone) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1.2 µT
Girgert R et al. 2009 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 (breast cancer cell line, p40 and p181 clone) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1.2 µT
Gold S et al. 1994 intact cell/cell culture, HAL cells (SV40 origin defective mutant transformed human fibroblast cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 8 µT
Gomez-Ochoa I et al. 2011 intact cell/cell culture, mononuclear cells (from human peripheral blood) magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, electrotherapy 2.25 mT
Goodman R et al. 1992 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 0.57–570 µT
Goodman R et al. 1992 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 80 µT
Goodman R et al. 1991 intact cell/cell culture, isolated organ, salivary gland, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia) cell line and partially dissected salivary glands from fruit flies (<i>Drosophila</i>) and fungus gnats (<i>Sciara</i>) magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 0.57 µT–19 mT
Goodman R et al. 1989 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 0.38–3.5 mT
Goodman R et al. 1994 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 cells (human acute myeloid leukaemia cell line) and yeast cells (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>) electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.1–80 µT
Goodman R et al. 1988 isolated organ, salivary glands from <i>Sciara coprophila</i> (Insecta, Diptera) magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, therapeutic/medical device 0.38–3.5 mT
Grassi C et al. 2004 intact cell/cell culture, human neuroblastoma cell line (IMR 32) and rat pituitary (GH3) cell line magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 200–500 µT
Greene JJ et al. 1991 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 cells (human acute myeloid leukaemia cell line) electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Greene JJ et al. 1993 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 cells (human acute myeloid leukaemia cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Guo Y et al. 2023 animal, zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz -
Haghighat N et al. 2017 - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF -
Harrison GH et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, A172 (human glioblastoma cells), MCF7 WT(human breast cancer cell line) and HeLa S3 (human cervical carcinoma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2 mT
Hasanzadeh H et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2 mT
Heidari S et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, human adenocarcinoma gastric cancer cell line (AGS) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 0.2–2 mT
Hemmati M et al. 2014 animal, mouse/Balb/c (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.5 mT
Henderson B et al. 2006 intact cell/cell culture, human umbilical venous endothelial cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 10–700 µT
Heredia-Rojas JA et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, INER-37 (human non-small-cell lung cancer cell line) and RMA E7 cells (E7-transfected mouse RMA lymphoma cells), transfected with the plasmid pEMF (electromagnetic field plasmid containing hsp70 promotor and the luciferase gene as reporter gene) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 8–80 µT
Hilz FM et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, primary articular chondrocytes (from calf fetlock joints) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1–3 mT
Hong MN et al. 2012 - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz -
Huang CY et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes) partially transfected with CHK2 siRNA magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, shielding/field deprivation 1.5 mT
Huang CY et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, human epidermal keratinocytes (derived from neonatal foreskin) and HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1.5 mT
Huwiler SG et al. 2012 bacterium, <i>Escherichia coli</i>/K12 MG1655 magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line 1 mT
Isaković J et al. 2024 intact cell/cell culture, neural stem cells derived from B6 albino mouse embryos magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, signals/pulses -
Jahreis GP et al. 1998 intact cell/cell culture, CEM-CM3 (human acute lymphoblastic leukemia) cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.1 mT
Jang YW et al. 2019 - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz -
Jedrzejczak-Silicka M et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, L929 cells (murine fibroblast cells) and HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency 5.9–28.4 mT
Jeong WY et al. 2017 - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure -
Jiang Y et al. 2016 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 4 mT
Jin M et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells), two different populations: Columbia University Cancer Center (CUCC), American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 8 µT
Junkersdorf B et al. 2000 invertebrate, nematode (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>)/pPCZ1 and pD2047 magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 50–200 µT
Kabacik S et al. 2013 animal, mouse/C57BL/6, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Kanitz MH et al. 2007 intact cell/cell culture, SF767 (human glioma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, electrotherapy, therapeutic/medical device 1.2 µT
Karabakhtsian R et al. 1994 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 8 µT
Karimi A et al. 2022 intact cell/cell culture, human malignant melanoma cell line (SK-MEL-37) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field -
Keyan Z et al. 2023 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz -
Kim HJ et al. 2013 intact cell/cell culture, mesenchymal bone marrow stem cells 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 1 mT