Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

856 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    314 studies
  2. Other
    302 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    118 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

314 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    157 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    137 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    40 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 157 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Costa EV et al. 2015 animal, fertilized eggs of Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>) development of the vascular system in the yolk sac membrane 60 Hz - continuous for 2 h, 3 times a day with intervals of 6 hours in between for 2 days magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Li Y et al. 2014 animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>), whole body hatching rate, mortality, malformation, and apoptosis 50 Hz - continuous for 96 hours magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Lee W et al. 2014 - - 3.2 kHz - - magnetic field
Pawlak K et al. 2013 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body cardiac work and morphometric parameters, level of thyroid hormones 50 Hz - continuous from the first to the last day of incubation (up to 21 days) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Shams Lahijani M et al. 2013 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body embryonic heart development 50 Hz - continuous for 24 h magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Costa EV et al. 2013 animal, Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix japonica</i>), whole body: embryo <i>in ovo</i> development of blood vessels in the yolk sac 60 Hz - intermittent for 3, 6, 9, 12 or 24 h/day for 2 days (see add. information) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Lahijani MS et al. 2013 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body effects on the spleen 50 Hz - continuous for 24 hours magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Bayat PD et al. 2012 animal, mouse/NMRI, whole body number and quality of blastocysts 50 Hz - continuously for 48 hours magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Boga A et al. 2012 - - 16 Hz - - electric field, signals/pulses
Zhu C et al. 2011 animal, rat/Wistar (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> - - - - MRI