Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

867 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    316 studies
  2. Other
    306 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    119 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Other

306 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    148 studies
  2. Low frequency
    113 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    57 studies

Radio frequency 148 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Cheever KL et al. 2001 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body metabolism in maternal animals and embryos (2-Methoxyethanol metabolism, embryonic distribution, and macromolecular adduct formation) 10 MHz 0.8 W/kg–6.6 mW/g continuous for 50 min RF
Magin RL et al. 2000 animal, mouse/ICR:HD, whole body - 170 MHz 0.2 W/kg - MRI, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Vadeyar SH et al. 2000 human, whole body: embryo <i>in utero</i> - - - - MRI
Adey WR et al. 2000 animal, rat/Fischer 344, whole body, partial body: head CNS tumors 836.55 MHz 0.27–1.2 W/kg continuous for about 25 days, see add. information mobile communications, mobile phone, microwaves
Adey WR et al. 1999 animal, rat/Fischer 344, whole body, partial body: head CNS tumors 836.55 MHz 1–1.4 W/kg continuous for about 25 days, see add. information NADC, TDMA, mobile communications, microwaves
Poutamo J et al. 1998 human, whole body: embryo <i>in utero</i> - - 1.2–3.8 W/kg - MRI
Otten L et al. 1994 - - - - - 2.45 GHz, microwaves, also other exposures without EMF
Pellegrini A et al. 1994 - - - - - 2.45 GHz, microwaves
Braithwaite LA et al. 1993 - - - - - microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Fukui Y et al. 1992 animal, mouse/ICR, whole body mouse brain development 2.45 GHz 480 mW/g 15 or 20 min on day 13 of gestation microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Gildersleeve RP et al. 1988 animal, Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>), whole body: eggs (<i>in ovo</i>) cell death or injury 2.45 GHz 4.03 nW/g first 12 days of artifical breeding microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Surrell JA et al. 1987 - - - - - microwaves, microw. oven/heating device
Spiers DE et al. 1987 animal, rat/albino (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>), whole body thermoragulatory responses 2.45 GHz - 4h/day for 10 days microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Lary JM et al. 1986 - - 27.12 MHz 10.8 W/kg 10 to 40 min. on gestation day 9 RF
Smialowicz RJ et al. 1982 - - 425 MHz 6.7 mW/g repeated daily exposure for 4 hours a day from day 12 of pregnancy to parturition (dams) and for 20 or 40 days (pups) RF
Galvin MJ et al. 1982 - - 2.45 Hz 4.03 nW/g 12 days microwaves, CW continuous wave
Jamakosmanovic A et al. 1981 - - 2,450 MHz - not specified microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Galvin MJ et al. 1981 - - 2.45 Hz 4.03 nW/g first 12 days of embryogeny microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Smialowicz RJ et al. 1979 - - 2.45 GHz - continuous microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Bianco B et al. 1979 - - 100–2,000 MHz - - RF, microwaves
Hamnerius Y et al. 1979 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, whole body frequency of induced somatic mutations 2.45 GHz 100 W/kg continuous for 6 h microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Preskorn SH et al. 1978 animal, mouse/CFW, whole body longevity/survival 2.45 GHz 35 mW/g 20 min/day during days 11 to 14 of gestation and 19 th to 54 th day post-partum microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Rugh R 1976 - - - - - 2.45 GHz, microwaves