Study overviews

Epidemiological studies of low and radio frequency exposure on children's health comprise the following studies:

Epidemiological studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on children

342 studies in total
  1. Leukemia
    136 studies
  2. Other health effects
    91 studies
  3. Pregnancy outcomes
    89 studies
  4. Brain/CNS tumor
    68 studies
  5. Other types of cancer
    32 studies
  6. Lymphoma
    21 studies
  7. Cancer (unspecified)
    19 studies

Other types of cancer

32 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    28 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    5 studies
  3. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 28 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Study type Study group Observation period Study location Endpoints Parameters
Authors Year Study type Study group Observation period Study location Endpoints Parameters
Seomun G et al. 2021 meta-analysis children, 0–19 years 1960 - 2009 UK, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Italy, New Zealand, Canada, USA, Japan, Iran, Brazil, Czech Republic, Malaysia childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer magnetic field, low frequency, power transmission line, 50/60 Hz
Auger N et al. 2019 cohort study children, children in utero, newborns, 0–11 years 2006 - 2017 Canada childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, solide tumors power transmission line, electrical substation, 50/60 Hz, electric field, magnetic field, residential
Bunch KJ et al. 2016 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1962 - 2008 UK lymphoid leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Bunch KJ et al. 2015 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1962 - 2008 UK childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, DC, underground cable, high-voltage direct current (HVDC), residential
Swanson J et al. 2014 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1962 - 2008 UK childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer electric field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure
Parodi S et al. 2014 case-control study children, children in utero, newborns, 0–10 years 1998 - 2001 Italy neuroblastoma magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, residential, also other exposures without EMF
Bunch KJ et al. 2014 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1962 - 2008 UK childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other solid tumors magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Kroll ME et al. 2010 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1962-1995 UK childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Hug K et al. 2010 case-control study children, 0–14 years July 1988 - June 1993, October 1992 - September 1994 Germany acute leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, CNS tumor, neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, bone tumor, and soft tissue sarcoma magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational
Pearce MS et al. 2007 case-control study men, women, children, 0–25 years 1968 - 2000 UK childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, retinoblastoma, renal tumor, hepatic tumor, malignant bone tumor, soft tissue sarcoma, germ cell neoplasm electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational, also other exposures without EMF
Draper G et al. 2005 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1962-1995 UK childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
De Roos AJ et al. 2001 case-control study men, women, children, 0–18 years 1992 - 1994 USA and Canada neuroblastoma mobile communications, mobile phone, mobile phone base station, Radio/TV transmitter, radar, RF, magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, high volt./current device/welder, occupational, also other exposures without EMF
UK Childhood Cancer Study Investigators 2000 case-control study children, 0–14 years 01/1991 - 12/1994 in Scotland, 4/1992 - 12/1994 in Wales and England, 1995 for leukemia and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 1996 for leukemia UK acute lymphoblastic leukemia, total leukemia, cancer of central nervous system, other malignant disease magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
UK Childhood Cancer Study Investigators 1999 case-control study children, 0–14 years 01/1991 - 12/1994 in Scotland, 4/1992 - 12/1994 in Wales and England, 1995 for leukemia and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 1996 for leukemia UK acute lymphoblastic leukemia, total leukemia, cancer of central nervous system, other malignant diseases magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, inhouse wiring, residential
Olshan AF et al. 1999 case-control study men, women, children, 0–18 years 1992 - 1996 USA, Canada neuroblastoma electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, high volt./current device/welder, occupational
Dockerty JD et al. 1998 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1990 - 1993 New Zealand childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other solid cancers magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, inhouse wiring, other domestic appliance, residential, personal
Tynes T et al. 1997 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1965 - 1989 Norway childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer, all childhood cancer electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Meinert R et al. 1996 meta-analysis children, 0–19 years - USA, UK, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Greece, Mexico childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer, all childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Verkasalo PK et al. 1993 cohort study children, 0–19 years 1970 - 1989 Finland childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, central nervous system tumor, other childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Feychting M et al. 1993 case-control study children, 0–15 years 1960 - 1985 Sweden childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, central nervous system tumor, other childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Savitz DA et al. 1993 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1976 - 1983 USA leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, soft tissue sarcoma, and other types, all childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Olsen J et al. 1993 case-control study children, 0–14 years April 1968 - December 1986 Denmark childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, tumor of the central nervous system, other childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Wilkins 3rd JR et al. 1990 case-control study children, 0–15 years 1942 - 1967 USA neuroblastom RF, electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational
Myers A et al. 1990 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1970 - 1979 UK childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Bunin GR et al. 1990 case-control study children 1970 - 1979 USA neuroblastoma RF, electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational, also other exposures without EMF
Savitz DA et al. 1988 case-control study children, 0–14 years January 1976 - December 1983 USA childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, solid tissue tumors and other cancers, all childhood cancer electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Spitz MR et al. 1985 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1964 - 1978 USA neuroblastoma electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, electrical substation, occupational, also other exposures without EMF
Wertheimer N et al. 1979 case-control study children, 0–18 years 1950 - 1973 USA childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer, all childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential