This in vivo study was performed to investigate the effects of microwave exposure during pregnancy in mice fetuses.
A total of 1008 female mice (589 sham exposed and 519 mice microwave exposed) were used. All pregnant mice were killed on the 18th day after breeding and their fetuses examined.
| Exposure | Parameters |
|---|---|
|
Exposure 1:
2.45 GHz
Modulation type:
CW
Exposure duration:
continuous for 100 min/day for up to 17 days
|
|
| Frequency | 2.45 GHz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Waveform | |
| Exposure duration | continuous for 100 min/day for up to 17 days |
| Modulation type | CW |
|---|
| Exposure source | |
|---|---|
| Chamber | polycarbonate plastic cage 6 cm on a side, 1.5 mm thick; 1mm thick pvc plastic lid, 6-8 ventilation holes at each side with 5 mm diameter |
| Setup | cages placed in styrofoam forms to ensure the exact positioning in the field |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| power density | 3.4 mW/cm² | minimum | calculated | - | 3.4, 13.6, 14, 28 mW/cm² |
| power density | 28 mW/cm² | maximum | calculated | - | - |
| SAR | 4.05 mW/g | mean | calculated | unspecified | 4.05 - 7.37 mW/g |
The microwave exoposure at the highest power density (28 mW/cm2) decreased significantly the mean live fetal weight per litter. A significantly increased incidence of cranioschisis (congenital failure of the skull to close, usually accompanied by defective development of the brain) was observed in exposed fetuses.
The exposure of the dams at either power density did not result in higher core temperature. Therfore, a thermal cause as reason for the observed effects on fetus can be excluded.
It appears that microwaves at the range used could be teratogenic.
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