Study type: Medical/biological study (experimental study)

Effects of Long Term Exposure of 900-1800 MHz Radiation Emitted from 2G Mobile Phone on Mice Hippocampus- A Histomorphometric Study med./bio.

Published in: J Clin of Diagn Res 2016; 10 (8): AF01-AF06

Aim of study (acc. to author)

The effects of chronic exposure of mice to a 900-1800 MHz electromagnetic field (2G) on hippocampus histology should be investigated.

Background/further details

Neonatal mice were divided into the following groups (n=6 each): exposure to the electromagnetic field for 1) 30 days, 2) 60 days, 3) 90 days, 4) 120 days, 5) 150 days and 6) 180 days. For each exposure group, a separate sham exposure group (n=6 mice, each) was used. Mice were killed 24 hours after exposure and subsequently investigated.

Endpoint

Exposure

Exposure Parameters
Exposure 1: 900–1,800 MHz
Exposure duration: intermittent for 2 minutes every 30 minutes over 12 hours per day (total of 48 minutes per day) for 30 days
  • SAR: 1.69 W/kg maximum (10 g)
Exposure 2: 900–1,800 MHz
Exposure duration: intermittent for 2 minutes every 30 minutes over 12 hours per day (total of 48 minutes per day) for 60 days
  • SAR: 1.69 W/kg maximum (10 g)
Exposure 3: 900–1,800 MHz
Exposure duration: intermittent for 2 minutes every 30 minutes over 12 hours per day (total of 48 minutes per day) for 90 days
  • SAR: 1.69 W/kg maximum (10 g)
Exposure 4: 900–1,800 MHz
Exposure duration: intermittent for 2 minutes every 30 minutes over 12 hours per day (total of 48 minutes per day) for 120 days
  • SAR: 1.69 W/kg maximum (10 g)
Exposure 5: 900–1,800 MHz
Exposure duration: intermittent for 2 minutes every 30 minutes over 12 hours per day (total of 48 minutes per day) for 150 days
  • SAR: 1.69 W/kg maximum (10 g)
Exposure 6: 900–1,800 MHz
Exposure duration: intermittent for 2 minutes every 30 minutes over 12 hours per day (total of 48 minutes per day) for 180 days
  • SAR: 1.69 W/kg maximum (10 g)

Exposure 1

Main characteristics
Frequency 900–1,800 MHz
Type
Exposure duration intermittent for 2 minutes every 30 minutes over 12 hours per day (total of 48 minutes per day) for 30 days
Exposure setup
Exposure source
Chamber cages in the central animal house at 22 ± 1°C
Setup mobile phone was attached to the cage roof at a distance of 5 cm to the floor; animals could move freely; mobile phone was kept in non-vibrating, silent, Do Not Disturb mode with auto answer activated and was rung upon from another 2G phone for exposure
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
Additional info (remark EMF-Portal: the number of animals per cage is not stated)
Parameters
Measurand Value Type Method Mass Remarks
SAR 1.69 W/kg maximum measured 10 g -

Exposure 2

Main characteristics
Frequency 900–1,800 MHz
Type
Exposure duration intermittent for 2 minutes every 30 minutes over 12 hours per day (total of 48 minutes per day) for 60 days
Exposure setup
Exposure source
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
Parameters
Measurand Value Type Method Mass Remarks
SAR 1.69 W/kg maximum measured 10 g -

Exposure 3

Main characteristics
Frequency 900–1,800 MHz
Type
Exposure duration intermittent for 2 minutes every 30 minutes over 12 hours per day (total of 48 minutes per day) for 90 days
Exposure setup
Exposure source
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
Parameters
Measurand Value Type Method Mass Remarks
SAR 1.69 W/kg maximum measured 10 g -

Exposure 4

Main characteristics
Frequency 900–1,800 MHz
Type
Exposure duration intermittent for 2 minutes every 30 minutes over 12 hours per day (total of 48 minutes per day) for 120 days
Exposure setup
Exposure source
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
Parameters
Measurand Value Type Method Mass Remarks
SAR 1.69 W/kg maximum measured 10 g -

Exposure 5

Main characteristics
Frequency 900–1,800 MHz
Type
Exposure duration intermittent for 2 minutes every 30 minutes over 12 hours per day (total of 48 minutes per day) for 150 days
Exposure setup
Exposure source
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
Parameters
Measurand Value Type Method Mass Remarks
SAR 1.69 W/kg maximum measured 10 g -

Exposure 6

Main characteristics
Frequency 900–1,800 MHz
Type
Exposure duration intermittent for 2 minutes every 30 minutes over 12 hours per day (total of 48 minutes per day) for 180 days
Exposure setup
Exposure source
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
Parameters
Measurand Value Type Method Mass Remarks
SAR 1.69 W/kg maximum measured 10 g -

Reference articles

Exposed system:

Methods Endpoint/measurement parameters/methodology

Investigated system:
Investigated organ system:
Time of investigation:
  • after exposure

Main outcome of study (acc. to author)

The mean density of neurons was significantly decreased in hippocampus regions CA1, CA2 and DGDB and significantly increased in CA3 and DGVB regions from animals of all exposure groups compared to respective sham exposed animals. The CA3 region in group 2 was the only exception with no significant differences found.
The mean nuclear diameter of neurons was significantly decreased in all hippocampus regions from animals of all exposure groups compared to respective sham exposed animals. The CA3 region in group 2, the DGDB region in group 4 and the DGVB region in group 3 were the only exceptions with no significant differences found.
The authors conclude that chronic exposure of mice to a 900-1800 MHz electromagnetic field (2G) might reduce the density and nuclear diameter of neurons in the hippocampus.

Study character:

Study funded by

Related articles