This in vivo study was performed to investigate possible lethal and/or teratogenic effects of athermal low-dose radio frequency exposure on chicken embryos.
In total, 50 fertilized eggs were used in the radio frequency irradiation group and 19 eggs in the control group. Chicks were evaluated up to 30 days after hatching.
| Exposure | Parameters |
|---|---|
|
Exposure 1:
428 MHz
Modulation type:
CW
Exposure duration:
continuous during incubation for more than 20 days
|
|
| Frequency | 428 MHz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Exposure duration | continuous during incubation for more than 20 days |
| Modulation type | CW |
|---|
| Exposure source |
|
|---|---|
| Chamber | eggs incubated and exposed in an incubator at 37 ± 0.5°C and 80% humidity ; they were automatically turned every hour |
| Setup | eggs placed on a wooden rack positioned between two parallel aluminum plate electrodes of 34 x 36 cm that were 14 cm apart; their long axis parallel to the electric field |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| power density | 5.5 mW/cm² | - | calculated | - | theoretical value |
| SAR | 3.1 mW/kg | minimum | calculated | whole body | 3.1-47.1 mW/kg |
| SAR | 47.1 mW/kg | maximum | calculated | whole body | - |
Hatchability was observed in 84% of the control group and in 38% of the radio frequency exposed eggs. Almost one fourth of dead embryos in the radio frequency group occured within 10 days after incubation and the rest was due to death within the eggshell following inability to hatch. The severest effect was seen in egg positions where the specific absorption rate was relatively low (4.7-8.6 mW/kg).
A functional abnormality consisting of creeping movement and inability to stand was found in 89% of exposed embryos, but not in the control group.
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