Medical/biological study (experimental study)

Effects of 2.45 GHz microwave radiation on the development of Japanese quail cerebellum med./bio.

By: Inouye M, Galvin MJ, McRee DI

Published in: Teratology 1982; 25 (1): 115-121

Aim of study (acc. to editor)

This study was conducted to investigate possible effects of 2.45 GHz irradiation during embryogenesis on the cerebellum development in quails.

Background/further details

Nine to 11sham exposed or irradiated embryos each were examined directly, one and two days after the exposure. In order to examine the long-term effect of microwave irradiation, some of the quails (27 exposed, 18 sham exposed) were reared to eight weeks of age.

Endpoint

effects on the neurological system: cerebellum development

Exposure

- 2.45 GHz
- microwaves
- CW continuous wave

Exposure	Parameters
Exposure 1: 2.45 GHz Modulation type: CW Exposure duration: continuous from day 1 through day 12 of incubation	power density: 50 W/m² mean (+/-0.52 mW/cm?)

Exposure 1

Main characteristics

Frequency	2.45 GHz
Type	electromagnetic field
Waveform	sinusoidal
Exposure duration	continuous from day 1 through day 12 of incubation
Additional info	exposure and measurement not described here in detail, reference is made to McRee et al. 1975 (TER-144)

Modulation

Modulation type	CW

Exposure setup

Exposure source	not specified
Chamber	anechoic enviromental chamber, Styrofoam holder

Parameters

Measurand	Value	Type	Method	Mass	Remarks
power density	50 W/m²	mean	cf. remarks	-	+/-0.52 mW/cm?

Additional parameter details

4.03 mW/gm mean SAR correcponding to an incident power of 50 W/m?.

Reference articles

McRee DI et al. (1975): Some effects of exposure of the Japanese quail embryo to 2.45-GHz microwave radiation

Exposed system:

animal
fertilized eggs of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
whole body

Methods Endpoint/measurement parameters/methodology

effects on the neurological system: cerebellum development (Golgi-Cox staining, light microscopy: estimation of the neuron alignment and thickness of the molecular layer, Purkinje cell layer, and external granular layer)
body weight, brain weight

Investigated system:

tissue slices

Investigated organ system:

brain/CNS

Time of investigation:

after exposure

Main outcome of study (acc. to author)

A slight developmental retardation of the cerebellum was found in the investigated cerebellar cortex layers (molecular layer, Purkinje cell layer, and external granular layer) of the irradiated embryos. The effects included the growth and subsequent decline of the external granular layer, the growth of the molecular layer, the cellular differentiation and the alignment of Purkinje cells, and the accumulation of granule cells beneath the Purkinje cell layer, as well as lower body and brain weights.
In the eight-week-old quails, no significant differences were observed between irradiated and sham exposed cerebellums.

Study character:

medical/biological study
experimental study
full/main study

Study funded by

not stated/no funding

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Tsybulin O et al. (2012): GSM 900 MHz microwave radiation affects embryo development of Japanese quails
Inaloz SS et al. (1997): Acceptable radiation leakage of microwave ovens on pregnant and newborn rat brains
Fukui Y et al. (1992): Effects of Hyperthermia Induced by Microwave Irradiation on Brain Development in Mice
Jensh RP et al. (1983): An evaluation of the teratogenic potential of protracted exposure of pregnant rats to 2450-MHz microwave radiation. II. Postnatal psychophysiologic analysis
Albert EN et al. (1981): Effect of nonionizing radiation on the Purkinje cells of the rat cerebellum
McRee DI et al. (1975): Some effects of exposure of the Japanese quail embryo to 2.45-GHz microwave radiation