Medical/biological study (experimental study)

Investigation of the effects of 2.1 GHz microwave radiation on mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim), apoptotic activity and cell viability in human breast fibroblast cells med./bio.

By: Esmekaya MA, Seyhan N, Kayhan H, Tuysuz MZ, Kursun AC, Yagci M

Published in: Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 67 (3): 1371-1378

Exposure	Parameters
Exposure 1: 2.1 GHz Exposure duration: continuous for 4 or 24 hours	power density: 0.142 mW/cm² SAR: 0.607 W/kg spatial average (10 g) power: 1 W (input power)

Exposure source	horn antenna
Chamber	cells were grown in 24-well culture plates in humidified cell incubator at 37°C under 5 % CO₂ and 95 % air
Setup	24 well-plate was placed above the transmitting antenna
Sham exposure	A sham exposure was conducted.

Measurand	Value	Type	Method	Mass	Remarks
power density	0.142 mW/cm²	-	-	-	-
SAR	0.607 W/kg	spatial average	calculated	10 g	-
power	1 W	-	-	-	input power

Zeni O et al. (2012): Radiofrequency radiation at 1950 MHz (UMTS) does not affect key cellular endpoints in neuron-like PC12 cells

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Esmekaya MA et al. (2017): Mitochondrial hyperpolarization and cytochrome-c release in microwave-exposed MCF-7 cells
Lee SS et al. (2014): Influence of smartphone Wi-Fi signals on adipose-derived stem cells
Sekijima M et al. (2010): 2-GHz band CW and W-CDMA modulated radiofrequency fields have no significant effect on cell proliferation and gene expression profile in human cells
Joubert V et al. (2008): Apoptosis is Induced by Radiofrequency Fields through the Caspase-Independent Mitochondrial Pathway in Cortical Neurons
Hoyto A et al. (2008): Proliferation, Oxidative Stress and Cell Death in Cells Exposed to 872 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation and Oxidants
Hoyto A et al. (2008): Radiofrequency radiation does not significantly affect ornithine decarboxylase activity, proliferation, or caspase-3 activity of fibroblasts in different physiological conditions
Takashima Y et al. (2006): Effects of continuous and intermittent exposure to RF fields with a wide range of SARs on cell growth, survival, and cell cycle distribution
Hirose H et al. (2006): Phosphorylation and gene expression of p53 are not affected in human cells exposed to 2.1425 GHz band CW or W-CDMA modulated radiation allocated to mobile radio base stations
Capri M et al. (2004): In vitro exposure of human lymphocytes to 900 MHz CW and GSM modulated radiofrequency: studies of proliferation, apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential