To study the influence of microwave exposure on pain perception and anti-nociceptive activity of tramadol - analgetic effective in the treatment of moderate to severe acute and chronic pain states.
For each exposure, 40 animals were divided into four groups: 1) vehicle, 2) exposed to the electromagnetic field without medication, 3) drug (tramadol) application without exposure, and 4) drug application and electromagnetic field exposure (drug application immediately before exposure).
Paw withdrawal latency to a thermal stimulus was measured before and 30, 60 and 90 minutes after injections.
| Exposure | Parameters |
|---|---|
|
Exposure 1:
1,500 MHz
Exposure duration:
continuous for 15 min
|
|
|
Exposure 2:
1,800 MHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
Exposure duration:
continuous for 15 min
|
|
Animals were divided into four groups: 1) vehicle 2) exposed to the EMF without medication 3) receiving the drug without EMF 4) receiving the drug and exposed to EMF
| Frequency | 1,500 MHz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Charakteristic | |
| Exposure duration | continuous for 15 min |
| Exposure source | |
|---|---|
| Chamber | animals were placed in plexiglas cages |
| Setup | cages were positioned 1 m from the EMF source |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| electric field strength | 90 V/m | effective value | - | - | - |
| magnetic field strength | 0.24 A/m | effective value | - | - | - |
| Frequency | 1,800 MHz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Charakteristic | |
| Exposure duration | continuous for 15 min |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Additional info |
modulation similar to a GSM 1800 mobile phone |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|---|
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| electric field strength | 20 V/m | effective value | - | - | - |
| magnetic field strength | 0.05 A/m | effective value | - | - | - |
The electromagnetic field exposure alone (at both 1500 and 1800 MHz frequencies) did not influence the pain perception threshold to the thermal stimulus. Tramadol significantly increased the paw withdrawal latency to the thermal stimulus in comparison to vehicle results at 30 and 60 minutes after injection. The electromagnetic field exposure of both frequencies (1500 MHz and 1800 MHz) significantly reduced the analgesic effect of tramadol at 30 minutes after injection. This effect disappeared at 60 minutes.
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