Medical/biological study (experimental study)

Evaluation of hematopoietic system effects after in vitro radiofrequency radiation exposure in rats med./bio.

By: Kumar G, Wood AW, Anderson V, McIntosh RL, Chen YY, McKenzie RJ

Published in: Int J Radiat Biol 2011; 87 (2): 231-240

Exposure

Exposure	Parameters
Exposure 1: 900 MHz Modulation type: CW Exposure duration: continuous for 30 min	power: 16.7 W effective value SAR: 2 W/kg mean (cf. remarks) (bone marrow)

Exposure 1

Main characteristics

Frequency	900 MHz
Type	electromagnetic field
Charakteristic	far field
Polarization	linear
Exposure duration	continuous for 30 min

Modulation

Modulation type	CW

Exposure setup

Exposure source	TEM cell
Setup	two petri dishes with bones, closed with parafilm and mounted on a 14 mm foam block, placed centrally in the TEM cell
Sham exposure	A sham exposure was conducted.

Parameters

Measurand	Value	Type	Method	Mass	Remarks
power	16.7 W	effective value	-	-	-
SAR	2 W/kg	mean	calculated	cf. remarks	bone marrow

Additional parameter details

SAR calculated using XFDTD software and a 0.5 mm mesh model

Exposed system:

bones (femur and tibia)

Methods Endpoint/measurement parameters/methodology

genotoxicity/mutation: DNA damage (strand breaks, alkali labile sites) in lymphocytes (comet assay)
cell viability/cell division/proliferation: proliferation rate and cell viability of bone marrow cells and lymphocytes (trypan blue exclusion assay; haemocytometer), maturation rate of erythrocytes (erythropoiesis; acridine orange staining)
effects on the immune system: effects on hematopoietic system (see "effects on cell viability/cell division/proliferation" and "genotoxicity")

Investigated system:

intact cell/cell culture
cell lysates

Investigated organ system:

immune system

Time of investigation:

after exposure

Main outcome of study (acc. to author)

The data did not indicate any significant change in the proliferation rate of bone marrow cells and lymphocytes, erythrocyte maturation rate and DNA damage of lymphocytes.
In conclusion, these results did not reveal any effect on the hematopoietic system in rats for 900 MHz radiofrequency exposure (CW) at the 2 W/kg localised SAR limit value recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection for public exposures.

Study character:

medical/biological study
experimental study
full/main study
blind study

Study funded by

not stated/no funding

Cao Y et al. (2011): Induction of adaptive response: pre-exposure of mice to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields reduces hematopoietic damage caused by subsequent exposure to ionising radiation
Vijayalaxmi et al. (2009): Genetic damage in mammalian somatic cells exposed to extremely low frequency electro-magnetic fields: a meta-analysis of data from 87 publications (1990-2007)
Esfahani MS et al. (2007): Detection of probable effects of microwave exposure of blood parameters of RBC, PCV and Hb in rat
Zotti-Martelli L et al. (2005): Individual responsiveness to induction of micronuclei in human lymphocytes after exposure in vitro to 1800 MHz microwave radiation
Trosic I et al. (2004): Blood-forming system in rats after whole-body microwave exposure; reference to the lymphocytes
Busljeta I et al. (2004): Erythropoietic changes in rats after 2.45 GHz nonthermal irradiation
Trosic I et al. (2004): Investigation of the genotoxic effect of microwave irradiation in rat bone marrow cells: in vivo exposure
Zotti-Martelli L et al. (2000): Induction of micronuclei in human lymphocytes exposed in vitro to microwave radiation
Trosic I et al. (1999): Animal study on electromagnetic field biological potency
Maes A et al. (1993): In vitro cytogenetic effects of 2450 MHz waves on human peripheral blood lymphocytes
Galvin MJ et al. (1984): Effect of 2450 MHz microwave radiation on hematopoiesis of pregnant mice
Galvin MJ et al. (1982): Studies on acute in vivo exposure of rats to 2450-MHz microwave radiation. III. Biochemical and hematologic effects
Smialowicz RJ et al. (1981): Biological effects of long-term exposure of rats to 970-MHz radiofrequency radiation
Peterson DJ et al. (1979): An investigation of the thermal and athermal effects of microwave irradiation on erythrocytes
Djordjevich Z et al. (1977): Studies on the hematologic effects of long-term, low-dose microwave exposure
Czerski P (1975): Microwave effects on the blood-forming system with particular reference to the lymphocyte
Rotkovska D et al. (1975): The effect of electromagnetic radiation on the hematopoietic stem cells of mice