To study the role of sinusoidal electromagnetic fields of 15 Hz (1 mT) on rat mesenchymal stem cell differentiation (adipogenesis and osteogenesis) and thus, to evaluate the possible mechanism of electromagnetic fields in prevention or treatment of osteoporosis.
The bone marrow contains mesenchymal stem cells that exhibit the ability to differentiate into adipocytes and osteoblasts. A reciprocal relationship exists between bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells adipogenesis and osteogenesis. The balance between this osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation is disrupted in various human diseases.
| Exposure | Parameters |
|---|---|
|
Exposure 1:
15 Hz
Exposure duration:
continuous for 8 h/day on 3 days
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity
|
|
|
Exposure 2:
15 Hz
Exposure duration:
continuous for 15 days or 21 days
|
|
|
Exposure 3:
15 Hz
Exposure duration:
continuous for 21 days
Assessment of Cytoplasmic Lipid Droplet Formation
|
|
|
Exposure 4:
15 Hz
Exposure duration:
continuous for 14 days
Immunoblot Analysis
|
|
| Frequency | 15 Hz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Waveform | |
| Exposure duration | continuous for 8 h/day on 3 days |
| Additional info | Alkaline Phosphatase Activity |
| Exposure source | |
|---|---|
| Setup | pair of Helmholtz coils with a diameter of 30 cm, positioned 30 cm apart, placed inside an incubator; culture dishes positioned between the coils; EMF uniformity about 90 % in the exposure area |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 1 mT | - | - | - | - |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|---|
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 1 mT | - | - | - | - |
| Frequency | 15 Hz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Waveform | |
| Exposure duration | continuous for 21 days |
| Additional info | Assessment of Cytoplasmic Lipid Droplet Formation |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|---|
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 1 mT | - | - | - | - |
| Frequency | 15 Hz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Waveform | |
| Exposure duration | continuous for 14 days |
| Additional info | Immunoblot Analysis |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|---|
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 1 mT | - | - | - | - |
The data showed that the electromagnetic field promoted osteogenic cell differentiation of the stem cells and concurrently inhibited adipocyte formation. The electromagnetic field increased alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity and mineralized nodule formation, and stimulated osteoblast-specific gene expression of RUNX2, ALP, BMP2, DLX5, and BSP. In contrast, the electromagnetic field exposure decreased adipogenesis and inhibited adipocyte-specific gene expression of adipsin, AP2, and PPARγ2, and also inhibited protein expression of PPARγ2.
These findings suggest that commitment of mesenchymal stem cells into osteogenic or adipogenic lineages is influenced by the electromagnetic field.
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