Biological stress responses to radio frequency electromagnetic radiation: are mobile phones really so (heat) shocking? review

Endpoint

• molecular biosynthesis: stress response (heat shock protein expression); altered gene expression and protein expression (e.g. ornithine decarboxylase, mitogen activated protein kinases, c-jun.c-fos)

Exposure

• • 2.45 GHz
  • RF
  • microwaves
• • TDMA
  • FM frequency modulation
  • CW continuous wave
  • mobile communications
  • GSM
  • UMTS
  • IRIDIUM
  • MRI

Study funded by

• not stated/no funding

Related articles

• Gaestel M (2010): Biological monitoring of non-thermal effects of mobile phone radiation: recent approaches and challenges