Medical/biological study (experimental study)

Alterations in the cell cycle and in the protein level of cyclin D1, p21CIP1, and p16INK4a after exposure to 50 Hz MF in human cells med./bio.

By: Lange S, Richard D, Viergutz T, Kriehuber R, Weiss DG, Simko M

Published in: Radiat Environ Biophys 2002; 41 (2): 131-137

Aim of study (acc. to author)

To investigate the effects of magnetic field exposure on cell cycle, DNA synthesis in the S-phase, and some selected G1-phase regulating proteins were investigated in human amniotic fluid cells.

Endpoint

cell viability/cell division/proliferation: cell cycle, DNA synthesis, protein level

Exposure

- 50/60 Hz
- magnetic field

Exposure	Parameters
Exposure 1: 50 Hz Exposure duration: continuous for 24 h	magnetic flux density: 1 mT
Exposure 2: 50 Hz Exposure duration: continuous for 30 h	magnetic flux density: 1 mT

Exposure 1

Main characteristics

Frequency	50 Hz
Type	magnetic field
Exposure duration	continuous for 24 h

Exposure setup

Exposure source	Helmholtz coils
Chamber	CO2 incubator
Setup	Cells were placed in the central area of the coils where the magnetic field was uniform
Additional info	Control cultures were kept in an identical incubator without the Helmholtz coils

Parameters

Measurand	Value	Type	Method	Mass	Remarks
magnetic flux density	1 mT	-	measured	-	-

Exposure 2

Main characteristics

Frequency	50 Hz
Type	magnetic field
Exposure duration	continuous for 30 h

Exposure setup

Exposure source	same setup as exposure 1

Parameters

Measurand	Value	Type	Method	Mass	Remarks
magnetic flux density	1 mT	-	measured	-	-

Exposed system:

intact cell/cell culture
human diploid amniotic fluid cells

Methods Endpoint/measurement parameters/methodology

molecular biosynthesis: DNA synthesis in S-phase (BrdU-assay), level of G1-phase regulation proteins (immunoblotting, Western blot; investigated proteins: Cdk4, cyclin D1, p16^INK4a, p21^CIP1)
cell viability/cell division/proliferation: cell cycle (BrdU-assay, flow cytometry)

Investigated system:

intact cell/cell culture

Time of investigation:

after exposure

Main outcome of study (acc. to author)

The magnetic field exposure leads to a significant reduction of S-phase cells. The Cdk4 protein level was not altered. Cyclin D1 protein level was decreased after a MF-exposure of 24 h and 30 h. The protein levels of p16^INK4a and p21^CIP1, both are Cdk inhibitors, were found to be increased after 1 h and 12 h and after 6 h and 12 h, respectively. However, both Cdk inhibitor levels were reduced after longer exposure times of 24 h and 30 h.
The results of this study suggest an inhibitory effect of magnetic field exposure on the G1-phase of the cell cycle of human amniotic fluid cells.

Study character:

medical/biological study
experimental study
full/main study

Study funded by

Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz (BfS; Federal Office for Radiation Protection), Salzgitter, Germany

Koziorowska A et al. (2017): Electromagnetic field of extremely low frequency (60Hz and 120Hz) effects the cell cycle progression and the metabolic activity of the anterior pituitary gland cells in vitro
Luukkonen J et al. (2017): Modification of p21 level and cell cycle distribution by 50 Hz magnetic fields in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells
Huang CY et al. (2014): Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Cause G1 Phase Arrest through the Activation of the ATM-Chk2-p21 Pathway
Huang CY et al. (2014): Distinct Epidermal Keratinocytes Respond to Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Differently
Masiuk M et al. (2008): The expression and intranuclear distribution of nucleolin in HL-60 and K-562 cells after repeated, short-term exposition to rotating magnetic fields
Frahm J et al. (2006): Alteration in cellular functions in mouse macrophages after exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields
Harris PA et al. (2002): Possible attenuation of the G2 DNA damage cell cycle checkpoint in HeLa cells by extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields

Alterations in the cell cycle and in the protein level of cyclin D1, p21CIP1, and p16INK4a after exposure to 50 Hz MF in human cells med./bio.

Aim of study (acc. to author)

Endpoint

Exposure

Exposure 1

Main characteristics

Exposure setup

Parameters

Exposure 2

Main characteristics

Exposure setup

Parameters

Methods Endpoint/measurement parameters/methodology

Main outcome of study (acc. to author)

Study funded by

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