Biology. Tiny hairlike projection on the surface of protozoa (e.g., ciliates, paramecia) or epithelial cells. Cilia are constructed from microtubules and are capable of whipping motions using ATP as an energy source. The movement of cilia propels ciliates through the liquid in which they live. The movement of cilia on the respiratory epithelium serves to propel a surface layer of mucus.
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