Study overviews

Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.

Experimental studies on magnetic power frequency fields (50/60 Hz)

2045 studies in total
  1. 764 studies
  2. 633 studies
  3. 511 studies
  4. 414 studies
  5. 329 studies
  6. 207 studies

Cell functions

329 studies in total
  1. 123 studies
  2. 101 studies
  3. 85 studies
  4. 67 studies

General cell functions 123 studies in total

Authors Year Exposed system Parameters Magnetic flux density/field strength
Patruno A et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, electrotherapy 1 mT
Sołek P et al. 2022 intact cell/cell culture, HeLa cells (human adenocarcinoma cell line) and DU 145 cells (human prostate cancer cell line) magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure -
Nindl G et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (clone E6-1; T-lymphocyte hybridoma cell line) magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 0.1–1.8 mT
Jacobi-Elizondo JS et al. 2001 intact cell/cell culture, L5178Y-R cells (mouse lymphoma cell line), animal, mouse/BALB/c, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Shibaki R et al. 2022 intact cell/cell culture, MES-SA and MES-SA/DxS cells (human uterine sarcoma cell lines) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF -
Percherancier Y et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblasts) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.4–1 mT
Saito A et al. 2009 intact cell/cell culture, P19 cells (mouse embryonal carcinoma cells) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1–10 mT
Morabito C et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, PC-12 cells magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 0.1–1 mT
Opler M et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, PC-12 cells (pheochromocytoma cell line from rat adrenal gland) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 6.7–8 µT
Hwang YH et al. 2011 intact cell/cell culture, RBL-2H3 (rat basophilic leukemia cells) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 0.1–1 mT
Yamaguchi DT et al. 2002 intact cell/cell culture, ROS 17/2.8 (osteoblast-like cells) and MC3T3-E1 cells (mouse osteoblast-like cells) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, therapeutic/medical device 0.6–1.25 mT
Wang Z et al. 2024 intact cell/cell culture, RSC96 cells, animal, rat/Sprague Dawley 50/60 Hz, magnetic field, signals/pulses, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure -
Calabro E et al. 2013 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.05–1.41 mT
Reale M et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1 mT
Calabrò E et al. 2019 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y cells (human neuroblastoma cell line) static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, magnetic field, DC -
Destefanis M et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, SKBR3 (human breast cancer cells), GTL16 (human gastric cancer cells), HT29 (human colon cancer cells), A375P (human melanoma cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 12 µT
Schimmelpfeng J et al. 1993 intact cell/cell culture, SV40-swiss-3T3 cells (mouse fibroblast cell line) electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2 mT
Su L et al. 2017 intact cell/cell culture, U251 and A127 (human glioblastoma cell lines), SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line), rat astrocytes, rat microglia, primary cortical neurons (of rat) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 2 mT
Golfert F et al. 2001 intact cell/cell culture, astrocytes (from neonatal rat brain) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 100–200 µT
Akan Z et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, bacterium, THP-1 cells (human monocytic leukemia cell line) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1–5 mT
Tabrah FL et al. 1978 intact cell/cell culture, ciliate/slipper animalcule (<i>Tetrahymena pyriformis</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 6–10 mT
Parkinson WC et al. 1992 intact cell/cell culture, diatom (<i>Amphora coffeiformis</i>) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, DC, static magnetic field 20.9–85 µT
Kula B et al. 1996 intact cell/cell culture, fibroblasts magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 20–490 mT
He YL et al. 2013 intact cell/cell culture, granule cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.4–1 mT
Jandova A et al. 2001 intact cell/cell culture, human T-lymphocytes magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1–10 mT
Cocek A et al. 2008 intact cell/cell culture, human T-lymphocytes magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.05–0.5 mT
Wang D et al. 2018 intact cell/cell culture, human cancer cell lines (HeLa, HCT116, MCF7, A549, and GIST-T1), rat cancer cell lines (differentiated PC12, undifferentiated PC12, and C6), non-cancer cell lines (RPE1, CHO, and 293T) 50/60 Hz, static magnetic field, magnetic field -
Dacha M et al. 1993 intact cell/cell culture, human erythrocytes electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.2 µT–0.2 mT
Choi JH et al. 2022 intact cell/cell culture, human hair bulb spheroid and hair follicle cultures magnetic field, 50/60 Hz -
Jandova A et al. 1999 intact cell/cell culture, human leucocytes (from venous blood of healthy humans and cancer patients) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1–10 mT
Yan J et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, human mesenchymal stem cells magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 20 mT
Fiorani M et al. 1992 intact cell/cell culture, human myeloid leukemia cell line (K-562) electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.2–200 µT
Consales C et al. 2018 intact cell/cell culture, human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) and mouse primary cortical neurons (PCN) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Del Giudice E et al. 2007 intact cell/cell culture, human neuroglioma cell line (H4; cells transfected with the human amyloid precursor protein (APP)) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 3.1 mT
Cocek A et al. 2012 intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood T lymphocytes magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 0.01–10 mT
Cossarizza A et al. 1989 intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood lymphocytes magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 2.5 mT
Petrini C et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 0.2–2 mT
Ikeda K et al. 2003 intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line 100 µT–485 mT
Capri M et al. 2004 intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 0.05–2.5 mT
Ramoni C et al. 1995 intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lymphocytes magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 35 µT–10 mT
Salerno S et al. 2009 intact cell/cell culture, human t-lymphocytes magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, DC 0.5 mT
Simko M et al. 2001 intact cell/cell culture, macrophages (mouse) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1.5 mT
Frahm J et al. 2006 intact cell/cell culture, macrophages (mouse) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.05–1 mT
Fan W et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, mesenchymal bone marrow stem cells (from SD rats) and mesenchymal stem cells (from mouse) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Chen Y et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, mouse embryonic fibroblasts magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2 mT
Kula B 1996 intact cell/cell culture, mouse fibroblasts magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 20–490 mT
Kim SJ et al. 2017 intact cell/cell culture, mouse/macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency, co-exposure 0.8 mT
Frahm J et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, murine bone marrow-derived macrophages magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Grandolfo M et al. 1991 intact cell/cell culture, myoblasts from chick embryos magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1–10 mT
Moghadam MK et al. 2011 intact cell/cell culture, neuron units magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 207.2 µT