Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

866 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    316 studies
  2. Other
    305 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    119 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

316 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    160 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    142 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Radio frequency 142 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Tyndall DA 1993 animal, mouse/C57BL/6J (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> - - - 36 min/day from day 7 to day 14 of gestation static magnetic field, MRI
Inouye M et al. 1982 animal, fertilized eggs of Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>), whole body cerebellum development 2.45 GHz - continuous from day 1 through day 12 of incubation microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Lary JM et al. 1982 - - 27.12 MHz - gestation day 1,3,5,7,9,11,13 or 15 RF, CW continuous wave
Pafkova H et al. 1994 animal, chicken (embryo), whole body - 50 Hz - see remark* 50/60 Hz, therapeutic/medical device
Jensh RP et al. 1983 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body postnatal growth and psychophysiologic development/teratogenicity 2.45 GHz - continuous, 6 h/day through gestation microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Yip YP et al. 1994 animal, chicken/White Leghorn, whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - 15–200 Hz - continuous for 6 h RF, static magnetic field, MRI
Koldayev VM et al. 1997 invertebrate, sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus intermedius</i>), whole body embryogenesis 450 MHz - continuous for 5-20 min RF
Zimmermann B et al. 1987 animal, mouse/NMRI, whole body - - - continuous for 18 days static magnetic field, MRI
Konermann G et al. 1986 animal, mouse/albino - - - - static magnetic field, MRI
Jensh RP 1984 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body postnatal psychophysiologic growth and development 6 GHz - continuous for 21 days during Gestation low level microwaves