Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Magras IN et al. | 1997 | animal, mouse/BALB/c/f, whole body | teratogenicity | 88.5–950 MHz | 1.936 µW/g | 5 pregnancies | mobile communications, RF field, Radio/TV transmitter, TV broadcast (VHF/UHF), FM broadcast (UKW), AM radio transmitters, SW broadcast (KW) |
Nelson BK et al. | 1997 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley CD, whole body | teratogenicity | 10 MHz | 0.8–7.9 W/kg | continuous for 2, 4 or 6 h | RF field |
Saito K et al. | 1995 | - | - | 428 MHz | - | - | RF field, CW continuous wave |
Rofsky NM et al. | 1994 | animal, mouse/CD-1, whole body | - | - | - | - | MRI, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF |
Nelson BK et al. | 1994 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley CD, whole body | teratogenicity (malformations of fetuses) | 10 MHz | 800 µW/g–6.6 mW/g | 0, 10, 20 or 30 min | RF field, CW continuous wave |
Yip YP et al. | 1994 | animal, chicken/White Leghorn, whole body: <i>in ovo</i> | - | 15–200 Hz | - | continuous for 6 h | MRI |
Pafkova H et al. | 1994 | animal, chicken (embryo), whole body | - | 50 Hz | - | see remark* | 50/60 Hz, therapeutic/medical device |
Tyndall DA | 1993 | animal, mouse/C57BL/6J (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> | - | - | - | 36 min/day from day 7 to day 14 of gestation | static magnetic field, MRI |
Berman E et al. | 1992 | - | - | 970 MHz | 70 µW/g–4.8 mW/g | - | RF field, microwaves |
Behr KP et al. | 1991 | animal, chicken embryos, whole body: <i>in ovo</i> | - | - | - | - | RF field, static magnetic field, MRI |
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