Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

882 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    312 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    54 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

319 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    162 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    144 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Radio frequency 144 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Chew S et al. 2001 animal, CBA/C57 F1 mouse, whole body: in utero - - 3–7 µW/g continuous MRI
Cobb BL et al. 2000 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body teratogenicity/ontogeny 0.1–1 GHz 45 mW/kg repeated daily exposure for 2 min, see add. information microwave pulses, UWB/WB
Nelson BK et al. 1999 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley CD, whole body teratogenicity 10 MHz 0.8–8 W/kg 20 min (to raise the temperature from its normal baseline to 41°C) plus 60 min RF
Nelson BK et al. 1998 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley CD-VAF/Plus, whole body teratogenicty 10 MHz 800 µW/g–8 mW/g 2 or 4 h RF, CW continuous wave
Nelson BK et al. 1997 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley CD, whole body teratogenicity 10 MHz 800 µW/g–6.6 mW/g ca. 30 min to raise the animal`s colonic temperature from 38°C to 42°C, then additional 10 min exposure to maintain the temperature at 42°C RF
Klug S et al. 1997 rat embryo culture teratogenicity 150 MHz 0.2–5 W/kg continuous for 36 h digital mobile phone, mobile communications, RF
Koldayev VM et al. 1997 invertebrate, sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus intermedius</i>), whole body embryogenesis 450 MHz - continuous for 5-20 min RF
Magras IN et al. 1997 animal, mouse/BALB/c/f, whole body teratogenicity 88.5–950 MHz 1.936 µW/g 5 pregnancies mobile communications, RF, Radio/TV transmitter, TV broadcast (VHF/UHF), FM broadcast (UKW), AM radio transmitters, SW broadcast (KW)
Nelson BK et al. 1997 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley CD, whole body teratogenicity 10 MHz 0.8–7.9 W/kg continuous for 2, 4 or 6 h RF
Saito K et al. 1995 - - 428 MHz - - RF, CW continuous wave