Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

882 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    312 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    54 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

319 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    162 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    144 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Radio frequency 144 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Boga A et al. 2014 animal, African clawed frog (<i>Xenopus laevis</i>) (embryos), whole body embryonic development of the African clawed frog 900 MHz 1 W/kg continuous for 4, 6 or 8 h GSM, mobile communications, RF, co-exposure
Chew S et al. 2001 animal, CBA/C57 F1 mouse, whole body: in utero - - 3–7 µW/g continuous MRI
Tsybulin O et al. 2013 animal, Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>), whole body: <i>in ovo</i> number of somites in the embryos 890–915 Hz 3 µW/kg intermittent for 38 h: 48 sec "on" (speech mode), 12 sec "off" mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Tsybulin O et al. 2012 animal, Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>), whole body: embryo <i>in ovo</i> number of somites in the embryos the 38 h exposed group; survival rate and hatchability of chicks, oxidative stress in brain, liver and heart in the 14 days exposed group 890–915 MHz 0.79 W/kg continuous for 38 h digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, low level microwaves
Tombarkiewicz B et al. 2024 animal, carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>) embryos - 0 Hz–1,800 MHz - - RF, geomagnetic field, shielding/field deprivation, also other exposures without EMF
Pafkova H et al. 1994 animal, chicken (embryo), whole body - 50 Hz - see remark* 50/60 Hz, therapeutic/medical device
Islam MS et al. 2023 animal, chicken eggs (Indian River) - 2,100 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, 4G
Pawlak K et al. 2018 animal, chicken embryos (eggs) - 1,800 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM
Augustianath T et al. 2023 animal, chicken embryos (eggs) - 900–1,800 MHz - - 4G, GSM, mobile communications, mobile phone
Ruggiero M et al. 2004 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - - - continuous for 3 h static magnetic field, MRI