Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Berman E et al. | 1978 | animal, mouse/CD-1, whole body | fetus abnormalities | 2.45 GHz | 4.05 mW/g | continuous for 100 min/day for up to 17 days | microwaves, CW continuous wave |
McRee DI et al. | 1977 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | 4.03 nW/g | first 12 days of development | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
Michaelson SM et al. | 1976 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | - | 1 h | microwaves, 2.45 GHz |
Liu LM et al. | 1975 | - | - | 9 GHz | - | continuous for 2 h | - |
Pyle SD et al. | 1975 | - | - | 2.7 GHz | - | - | microwaves, PW pulsed wave |
Chernovetz ME et al. | 1975 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | 38 W/kg | 10 min on the 11th, 12th, 13th or 14th day of gestation | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
Dietzel F | 1975 | - | - | 27.12 MHz | - | 5 min | UHF fields, microwaves |
Hamrick PE et al. | 1975 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | - | continuous, 24 h | microwaves, 2.45 GHz |
McRee DI et al. | 1975 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | 14 nW/g | 4h/day during the first 5 days of incubation | microwaves, 2.45 GHz |
Lindauer GA et al. | 1974 | - | - | 9 GHz | - | continuous for 2 h | microwaves, CW continuous wave, PW pulsed wave |
Dietzel F et al. | 1972 | animal, partial body: abdomen | intrauterine development (teratogenic effects and mortality) | 27.12 MHz | - | continuous for approx. 10 min. (rectal temperatures of 42°C) at different days of early pregnancy | microwaves, microw. oven/heating device, therapeutic/medical device |
Carpenter RL et al. | 1971 | - | - | 10 GHz | - | continuous for 20 min | RF field, CW continuous wave, microwaves |
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