Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

882 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    312 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    54 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

319 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    162 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    144 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Radio frequency 144 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Galvin MJ et al. 1980 - - 2.45 GHz 4.03–16.02 mW/g continuous microwaves, CW continuous wave
Fisher PD et al. 1979 - - 2.45 GHz - continuous; for 4 days 2.45 GHz, microwaves, CW continuous wave, low level microwaves
Berman E et al. 1978 animal, mouse/CD-1, whole body fetus abnormalities 2.45 GHz 4.05 mW/g continuous for 100 min/day for up to 17 days microwaves, CW continuous wave
McRee DI et al. 1977 - - 2.45 GHz 4.03 nW/g first 12 days of development microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Michaelson SM et al. 1976 - - 2.45 GHz - 1 h microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Liu LM et al. 1975 - - 9 GHz - continuous for 2 h -
Pyle SD et al. 1975 - - 2.7 GHz - - microwaves, PW pulsed wave
Chernovetz ME et al. 1975 - - 2.45 GHz 38 W/kg 10 min on the 11th, 12th, 13th or 14th day of gestation microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Dietzel F 1975 - - 27.12 MHz - 5 min UHF fields, microwaves
Hamrick PE et al. 1975 - - 2.45 GHz - continuous, 24 h microwaves, 2.45 GHz