Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Juutilainen J et al. | 1997 | animal, mouse/CBA/Ca and CBA/s, whole body | fetal loss/resorptions | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 8 days, 24 hrs/day | 50/60 Hz, PC/TV monitor, intermediate frequency, magnetic field |
Huuskonen H et al. | 1998 | animal, mouse/CBA/Ca, whole body | embryonic and fetal development | 50 Hz | - | continuous, 24 hrs/day from day 0 to day 18 of gestation period. | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, intermediate frequency |
Frölen H et al. | 1993 | animal, mouse/CBA/s, whole body | embryogenesis | 20 kHz | - | 12, 14, 18, or 19 days | magnetic field, signals/pulses, intermediate frequency |
Svedenstal BM et al. | 1995 | animal, mouse/CBA/s, whole body | fetal resorption | 20 kHz | - | continuous for 5 1/2 or 7 days | magnetic field, intermediate frequency |
Sienkiewicz ZJ et al. | 1994 | animal, mouse/CD-1 (embryo), whole body | - | 50 Hz | - | - | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Kowalczuk CI et al. | 1994 | animal, mouse/CD-1, whole body | - | 50 Hz | - | 24 hr/day from 0 to 17 day of gestation. | magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz |
Shi Y et al. | 2005 | animal, mouse/CD-1, whole body | embryo development (expression of embryo <i>c-fos</i> mRNA) | 50 Hz | - | continuous from gestation day 5.5 to gestation day 8.5 | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Rofsky NM et al. | 1994 | animal, mouse/CD-1, whole body | - | - | - | - | MRI, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF |
Gu Y et al. | 2001 | animal, mouse/ICR (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> | - | - | - | - | MRI, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure |
Lee HJ et al. | 2009 | animal, mouse/ICR, whole body | mortality and morphological abnormalities, uterine contents | 20 kHz | - | 8 h/day from day 2.5 to day 15.5 of gestation | magnetic field, intermediate frequency, occupational |
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