Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

882 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    312 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    54 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

319 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    162 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    144 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 162 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Bayat PD et al. 2011 animal, mouse/NMRI, whole body embryogenesis (spleen development) 50 Hz - continuous for 10 h/day on 5 days magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Roda-Moreno JA et al. 2003 animal, chicken embryos, whole body - 50 Hz - continuous for 15 days magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Roda-Murillo O et al. 2005 animal, fertilized eggs of <i>Gallus domesticus</i> (chicken; Leghorn HR7 variety) teratogenicity (body weight and cranial/cephalic development) 50 Hz - continuous for 15 or 21 days 50/60 Hz
Heinrichs WL et al. 1988 animal, mouse/BALB/c, whole body - 15–400 Hz - continuous for 16 h RF, static magnetic field, MRI, also other exposures without EMF
Zimmermann B et al. 1987 animal, mouse/NMRI, whole body - - - continuous for 18 days static magnetic field, MRI
Costa EV et al. 2015 animal, fertilized eggs of Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>) development of the vascular system in the yolk sac membrane 60 Hz - continuous for 2 h, 3 times a day with intervals of 6 hours in between for 2 days magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Huuskonen H et al. 1993 animal, rat/Wistar, whole body fetal development/teratogenicity 50 Hz - continuous for 20 days magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, intermediate frequency
DiCarlo AL et al. 1998 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 60 Hz - continuous for 20 min magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Di Carlo AL et al. 2000 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 60 Hz - continuous for 20 min magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Di Carlo AL et al. 2001 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 60 Hz - continuous for 20 min magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure