Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

881 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    311 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    54 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

319 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    162 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    144 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 162 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Lee W et al. 2014 - - 3.2 kHz - - magnetic field
Levin M et al. 1995 invertebrate, sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i>) (embryo) - 0–60 Hz - continuous magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, DC
Li Y et al. 2014 animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>), whole body hatching rate, mortality, malformation, and apoptosis 50 Hz - continuous for 96 hours magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Litovitz TA et al. 1994 - - 100 Hz - continuous for 48 h magnetic field, signals/pulses
Liu C et al. 2023 animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) - - - - static magnetic field, MRI
Lola Costa EV et al. 2020 animal, fertilized eggs of Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>), whole body development of the embryonic body and vascular network of the yolk sac 60 Hz - 3 x 2 hours, with 6-hour intervals in between resulting in a total exposure of 6 h 50/60 Hz, magnetic field
Maffeo S et al. 1984 - - 100 Hz–1 kHz - continuous for 48 hrs magnetic field, signals/pulses, intermediate frequency
Maffeo S et al. 1988 - - 100 Hz - - magnetic field, signals/pulses
Martin AH 1988 - - 100 Hz - 24 h magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses
McGivern RF et al. 1990 - - 15 Hz - 15 min twice a days from day 15 till day 20 of gestation signals/pulses